Combined (n=41) | Female participants (n=14) | Male participants (n=27) | |
Age (years) | 24.2±1.6 | 24±2.8 | 24.3±2 |
Ethnicity (n (%)) | Non-Hispanic White: 37 (90.2) Black: 4 (9.8) | Non-Hispanic White: 13 (92.9) Black: 1 (7.1) | Non-Hispanic White: 24 (88.9) Black: 3 (11.1) |
DM duration (years) | 14.5±1.6 | 14.9±2.5 | 14.3±2.1 |
HbA1c (%/mmol/mol) | 7.9±0.2/63 | 7.7±0.4/61 | 8.0±0.2/64 |
Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (mg/g) | 14.5±3.2 | 14.9±6.1 | 14.3±3.8 |
Use of antihypertensive medication (n (%)) | 6 (14.6%) | 1 (7%) | 5 (18.5%) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.1±0.6 | 24.6±0.8 | 23.9±0.8 |
Height (cm) | 173.6±1.5 | 167±1.3 | 177.1±1.9* |
Weight (kg) | 73.6±2.5 | 68.4±2.9 | 76.3±3.4* |
Per cent body fat (%) | 22.7±1.5 | 29.7±2 | 19±1.6* |
VO2max (mL/kg/min) | 40.7±1.6 | 32.8±1.3 | 44.9±1.8* |
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 119.8±2.7 | 112.9±4 | 123.3±3.3 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 68.8±1.4 | 67.6±2.2 | 69.4±1.8 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL/mmol/L) | 160.4±5.4/4.15±0.1 | 172.4±8.9/4.46±0.2 | 154.2±6.6/3.99±0.2 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL/mmol/L) | 98.1±4.8/2.5±0.1 | 107.6±7.4/2.8±0.2 | 93.2±6.1/2.4±0.2 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL/mmol/L) | 51.8±1.3/1.3 | 54.4±1.9/1.4 | 50.4±1.7/1.3 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL/mmol/L) | 63.1±4.6/0.7±0.1 | 62.5±6.6/0.8±0.1 | 63.4±6.2/0.7+0.1 |
FMD (% change) | 7.4±0.4 | 8.2±0.8 | 7±0.5 |
AIx (%) | 3.8±2.1 | 9.1±4.4 | 1.3±2.2 |
cfPWV (m/s) | 6±0.3 | 5.3±0.3 | 6.4±0.4** |
Data presented as mean±SEM. P values represent Welch’s t-tests comparing sexes.
*P<0.001, **p=0.03.
AIx, augmentation index; BMI, body mass index; cfPWV, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; DM, diabetes mellitus; FMD, flow-mediated dilation; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; VO2max, maximum oxygen uptake.