Comparison of maternal and neonatal characteristics between pregnant Japanese women with GDM and normal OGTT
| Characteristic | GDM (n=162) | Normal OGTT (n=60) | P value |
| Maternal age at delivery (years) | 36 (26–47) | 36 (30–45) | 0.43 |
| Nulliparity | 102 (63%) | 44 (73%) | 0.16 |
| Maternal pregravid BMI (kg/m2) | 20.5 (16.6–32.9) | 19.7 (16.4–24.8) | 0.0026 |
| HbA1c at first trimester (%) | 5.0 (3.7–6.2) | 5.2 (4.5–5.9) | 0.0035 |
| Plasma glucose of the antepartum 75 g OGTT (weeks) | 20 (8–35) | 27 (20–30) | <0.0001 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 92 (54–114) | 82 (66–89) | <0.0001 |
| 1 h-PG (mg/dL) | 161 (88–223) | 141 (93–175) | <0.0001 |
| 2 h-PG (mg/dL) | 144 (68–227) | 119 (78–152) | <0.0001 |
| IGI | 0.73 (0.02–7.00) | 0.78 (−1.50–4.83) | 0.97 |
| ISSI-2 | 1.87 (0.61–3.85) | 2.25 (1.43–5.01) | <0.0001 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.36 (0.18–17.17) | 1.02 (0.19–3.20) | 0.003 |
| ISOGTT | 5.81 (1.14–18.46) | 7.76 (1.90–27.55) | <0.0001 |
| GW at delivery (weeks) | 39 (37–41) | 39 (37–41) | 0.66 |
| Cesarean section delivery | 60 (37%) | 20 (33%) | 0.64 |
| Neonatal sex (female) | 74 (46%) | 27 (45%) | 1.00 |
| Birth weight (g) | 3022 (2352–3868) | 2965 (2226–3666) | 0.19 |
| Macrosomia | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
| Umbilical artery pH | 7.31 (7.13–7.44) | 7.32 (7.21–7.43) | 0.033 |
| Apgar score, 1 min | 9 (7–10) | 9 (7–10) | 0.57 |
| Apgar score, 5 min | 9 (7–10) | 9 (8–10) | 0.63 |
Data represent median (range) or n (%).
BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; GW, gestational weeks; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; IGI, insulinogenic index; ISOGTT, insulin sensitivity index from OGTT; ISSI-2, insulin secretion sensitivity index-2; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; PG, plasma glucose.