Overview of genome-wide methylation analyses of GDM using cord blood in published studies
| Study | Number of differentially methylated CpG sites | Method | GDM (n) | Non-GDM (n) | Criteria for diagnosing GDM | Ethnicity |
| Quilter et al8 | 75 | 27K | 16 | 40 | WHO | Caucasian |
| Ruchat et al9 | 7855 | 450K | 30 | 14 | WHO | Caucasian |
| Finer et al4 | 1418 | 450K | 21 | 28 | WHO | South Asian |
| Wu et al10 | 5 | 450K | 11 | 11 | WHO | Caucasian |
| Haertle et al5 | 65 | 450K | 68 | 64 | ADA | Caucasian |
| Kang et al6 | 200 | EPIC | 8 | 8 | IADPSG | Chinese |
| Awamleh, et al11 | 99 | 450K | 16 | 26 | Carpenter–Coustan | Caucasian |
| Antoun et al12 | 242 | EPIC | 159 | 383 | IADPSG | Various |
| This study | 0 | EPIC | 162 | 60 | IADPSG | Japanese |
ADA, American Diabetes Association; CpG, 5'-Cytosine-phosphate-Guanine-3; EPIC, Infinium Human Methylation EPIC BeadChip; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; IADPSG, International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group; 27K, human methylation 27K bead chip; 450K, human methylation 450K bead chip.