Unadjusted and adjusted associations between variables and mean adherence proportion to using RCWs
| Variables | Mean (SD) adherence proportion | Unadjusted association | Adjusted association† | ||
| β | P value | β | P value | ||
| Age | – | −0.11 | 0.43 | ||
| Males | 31.8 (17.0) | −0.22 | 0.10* | −0.24 | 0.02** |
| Living with family | 34.5 (16.4) | 0.02 | 0.89 | ||
| Secondary school education | 32.1 (15.2) | −0.08 | 0.56 | ||
| Retired | 31.2 (13.5) | −0.11 | 0.42 | ||
| Family income (JD) | – | 0.08 | 0.59 | ||
| Type 2 diabetes | 34.0 (16.6) | 0.09 | 0.51 | ||
| Duration of diabetes (years) | – | −0.34 | 0.01* | −0.44 | 0.001** |
| HbA1c (%, mmol/L) | – | −0.03 | 0.85 | ||
| BMI | – | 0.05 | 0.71 | ||
| Mean steps | – | −0.04 | 0.79 | ||
| Dyslipidemia | 30.8 (16.3) | −0.17 | 0.21 | ||
| End-stage renal failure | 39.0 (13.0) | 0.08 | 0.56 | ||
| Heart failure | 28.9 (15.3) | −0.11 | 0.43 | ||
| Hypertension | 30.9 (16.8) | −0.19 | 0.16 | ||
| Myocardial infarction | 44.3 (20.4) | 0.22 | 0.09* | ||
| Osteoarthritis | 28.5 (18.7) | −0.12 | 0.38 | ||
| Retinopathy | 34.5 (15.8) | 0.04 | 0.75 | ||
| Neuropathy | 33.4 (16.9) | −0.01 | 0.97 | ||
| PAD | 39.4 (16.7) | 0.22 | 0.10* | 0.30 | 0.01** |
| Foot deformities | 33.0 (16.1) | −0.06 | 0.67 | ||
| Minor amputations | 28.2 (15.3) | −0.21 | 0.13 | ||
| History of previous ulceration | 30.4 (15.5) | −0.26 | 0.06* | ||
| Duration of ulcer (weeks) | – | −0.10 | 0.48 | ||
| Ulcer size (cm2) | – | 0.11 | 0.41 | ||
| Deep ulcer (UTWCS grade 2 or 3) | 37.2 (16.5) | 0.20 | 0.14 | ||
| Ulcer infection | 36.2 (16.5) | 0.16 | 0.22 | ||
| Duration of RCW (weeks) | – | −0.12 | 0.36 | ||
| FCCS | – | 0.01 | 0.94 | ||
| FCOES | – | −0.19 | 0.17 | ||
| PIN: self/practitioner blames | – | −0.14 | 0.29 | ||
| PIN: physical causes of DFU | – | −0.09 | 0.53 | ||
| PIN: acute ulcer onset | – | 0.14 | 0.29 | ||
| NQOL: foot pain | – | 0.11 | 0.42 | ||
| NQOL: loss of feeling | – | −0.07 | 0.60 | ||
| NQOL: motor neuropathy | – | −0.02 | 0.86 | ||
| Level of comfort (VAS) | – | 0.25 | 0.07* | ||
| Ability to perform daily life activities (VAS) | – | 0.22 | 0.11 | ||
| Alteration in activity level (VAS) | – | −0.13 | 0.35 | ||
| Alteration in sleep (VAS) | – | 0.13 | 0.35 | ||
| Level of satisfaction (VAS) | – | 0.09 | 0.50 | ||
| Re-wearing the offloading device in the future (VAS) | – | 0.17 | 0.20 | ||
| Heaviness of the RCW (VAS) | – | −0.24 | 0.07* | −0.23 | 0.05** |
| Difficulty in applying the RCW (VAS) | – | −0.18 | 0.18 | ||
| Always having social support when applying the RCW | 34.0 (16.4) | 0.02 | 0.88 | ||
| Totally agree that non-adherence to wearing RCW in few steps is not harmful | 40.1 (17.1) | 0.24 | 0.08* | ||
*P≤0.1 (variables in the bivariate testing were nominated for the multiple regression model); **p≤0.05 (in the multiple regression model).
†Multiple regression model for the study variables, F=6.17, p<0.001, adjusted R2=0.28.
–, adherence mean is not applicable; BMI, body mass index; DFU, diabetes-related foot ulcer; FCCS, foot care confidence scale; FCOES, footcare outcomes expectations scale; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; JD, Jordanian Dinar; NQOL, neuropathy-specific quality of life; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; PIN, patient interpretation of neuropathy; RCW, removable cast walker; UTWCS, University of Texas wound classification system; VAS, visual analogue scale; β, beta-coefficient.