Table 3

Cross-sectional correlates of fasting and 2-hour (2h) plasma insulin

Potential correlates	Fasting plasma insulin				2-hour plasma insulin
	Model 1 (adjusted for fasting plasma glucose)		Model 2 (adjusted for HbA_1c)		Model 1 (multivariable-adjusted, including fasting plasma insulin and fasting plasma glucose)		Model 2 (multivariable-adjusted, including fasting plasma insulin and 2h-glucose)
	β (SE)	P value	β (SE)	P value	β (SE)	P value	β (SE)	P value
Age, years	−0.01 (0.04)	0.82	−0.02 (0.05)	0.72	0.10 (0.04)	0.02	−0.01 (0.03)	0.78
Male sex	−0.14 (0.12)	0.25	0.02 (0.15)	0.89	−0.59 (0.12)	<0.0001	−0.50 (0.10)	<0.0001
Waist circumference, cm	0.17 (0.06)	0.004	0.08 (0.07)	0.26	0.002 (0.06)	0.97	0.03 (0.05)	0.56
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg	0.02 (0.04)	0.66	0.02 (0.05)	0.78	0.06 (0.04)	0.19	−0.001 (0.04)	0.97
Total/HDL cholesterol ratio, mg/dL	0.12 (0.05)	0.02	0.12 (0.06)	0.06	0.15 (0.05)	0.003	0.12 (0.04)	0.003
Triglycerides, mg/dL	0.15 (0.05)	0.001	0.17 (0.06)	0.004	0.04 (0.05)	0.42	−0.02 (0.04)	0.62
Physical Activity Index	−0.005 (0.01)	0.44	−0.001 (0.01)	0.90	0.0003 (0.01)	0.97	−0.004 (0.01)	0.46
Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL	0.10 (0.04)	0.01	—	—	0.06 (0.04)	0.15	—	—
Log-fasting plasma insulin, pmol/L	—	—	—	—	0.41 (0.04)	<0.0001	0.37 (0.03)	<0.0001
HbA_1C, %	—	—	0.05 (0.05)	0.36	—	—	—	—
2h-glucose, mg/dL	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.53 (0.03)	<0.0001

β indicates the regression coefficient; SE indicates standard error of β. The regression coefficients indicate the change in standardized log-fasting plasma insulin and log-2h-plasma insulin per 1-standard deviation increment in the continuous variables, per 1-unit increment of the Physical Activity Index, or presence vs absence of categorical variables (n=565).
Bold indicates p<0.05.
HbA_1C, hemoglobin A_1C; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.