Summary of published studies including a qualitative synthesis
| Source | Country | Men/women, n | Age, years | BMI, kg/m2 | Diabetes history, years | Follow-up period | Analysis |
| Bae et al (2018)23 | Korea | 5/10 | Mean 62.9 (SD 4.3) | Mean 24.8 (SD 3.5) | Mean 13.8 (SD 6.7) | 180 min | ITT |
| Imai et al (2010)24 | Japan | 7/8 | Mean 61.7 (SD 11.6) | Mean 24.7 (SD 4.3) | Mean 5.3 (SD 8.8) | 120 min | ITT |
| Imai et al (2011)25 | Japan | 48/53 | Mean 63.4 (SD 11.7) | Mean 23.4 (SD 4.1) | Mean 7.3 (SD 8.3) | 2 years | ITT |
| Imai et al (2012)*26 | Japan | – (Total 17) | Mean 65.7 (SD 9.6) | – | – | 72 hours (3 days) | ITT |
| Imai et al (2013)27 | Japan | 6/13 | Mean 65.5 (SD 9.4) | Mean 22.5 (SD 3.1) | Mean 16.4 (SD 10.2) | 72 hours (3 days) | ITT |
| Imai et al (2014)*28 | Japan | – (Total 13) | Mean 69.1 (SD 6.7) | – | – | ITT | |
| Kuwata et al (2016)*22 | Japan | 9/3 | Mean 59.7 (SD 9.7) | Mean 25.3 (SD 4.1) | Mean 3.6 (SD 5.5) | 240 min | ITT |
| Shukla et al (2017)29 | USA | 7/9 | Mean 57.7 (SD 7.6) | Mean 32.8 (SD 3.3) | Mean 3.8 (SD 2.4) | 180 min | ITT |
| Shukla et al (2018)*30 | USA | 7/9 | Mean 57.7 (SD 7.6) | Mean 32.8 (SD 3.3) | Mean 3.8 (SD 2.4) | 180 min | ITT |
| Shukla et al (2019)31 | USA | 4/11 | Mean 52.4 (SD 3.4) | Mean 34.2 (SD 1.1) | NA | 180 min | ITT |
| Trico et al (2016)32 | Italy | 13/7 | Mean 64.5 (SD 21.4) | Mean 30.6 (SD 3.5) | Less than 5 | 8 weeks | PP |
| Yabe et al (2019)33 | Japan | – (Total 29) | Mean 49.5 (SD 5.9) | Mean 25.9 (SD 2.1) | NA | 22–26 weeks (6 months) | PP |
*Studies included in the qualitative synthesis.
BMI, body mass index; ITT, intention-to-treat; PP, per-protocol.