Comparison of general characteristics of patients with GDM between the two groups
| Project | RE group n=43 | AE group n=43 | Test value | P value |
| Age (years, x̅±s) | 31.84±5.19 | 31.47±4.06 | 0.370* | 0.712 |
| Education (n, %） | Primary school 2 (4.6) Junior high school 6 (14.0) Technical secondary school to high school 7 (16.3) | Primary school 0 (0.0) Junior high school 5 (11.6) Technical secondary school to high school 3 (7.0) | –† | 0.229 |
| College and above 28 (65.1) | College and above 35 (81.4) | |||
| Parity number (parity, M, IQR) | 1 (1–2） | 2 (1–2） | 0.501* | 0.617 |
| Family history of diabetes (n, %) | 1.833‡ | 0.176 | ||
| Yes | 11 (25.6) | 6 (14.0) | ||
| No | 32 (74.4) | 37 (86.0) | ||
| History of cesarean section (n, %) | 1.042‡ | 0.307 | ||
| Yes | 12 (27.9) | 8 (18.6) | ||
| No | 31 (72.1) | 35 (81.4) | ||
| Current gestational age (weeks, x̅±s) | 28.02±2.01 | 28.14±2.00 | −0.270* | 0.788 |
| Height (m, x̅±s) | 1.60±0.05 | 1.60±0.05 | −0.023* | 0.982 |
| Weight before pregnancy (kg, x̅±s) | 59.43±15.78 | 59.25±11.42 | 0.061* | 0.951 |
| BMI before pregnancy (kg/m2, x̅±s) | 23.03±5.22 | 23.08±3.68 | −0.050* | 0.960 |
| Gestational age at diagnosis of GDM (weeks, x̅±s) | 25.30±1.61 | 25.05±1.33 | 0.804* | 0.424 |
| Weight at diagnosis of GDM (kg, x̅±s) | 65.67±12.57 | 65.11±13.67 | 0.196* | 0.845 |
| OGTT: fasting blood glucose (mmol/L, x̅±s) | 5.05±0.51 | 4.93±0.46 | 1.167* | 0.247 |
| OGTT: 1-hour postprandial blood glucose (mmol/L, x̅±s) | 10.09±1.40 | 10.01±1.28 | 0.283* | 0.778 |
| OGTT: 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (mmol/L, x̅±s) | 8.48±1.28 | 8.56±1.17 | −0.291* | 0.772 |
| Pre-intervention fasting blood glucose (mmol/L, x̅±s) | 5.29±0.65 | 5.28±0.61 | 0.063* | 0.950 |
| Pre-intervention 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (mmol/L, x̅±s) | 6.53±0.51 | 6.48±0.41 | 0.527* | 0.599 |
*t-value.
†Fisher’s exact test.
‡X2 value.
AE, aerobic exercise; BMI, body mass index; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; OGTT, glucose tolerance test; RE, resistance exercise.