Clinical and laboratory characteristics of study participants
| Non-DPN | DPN | P value | |
| Sex (M/F) | 175 (111/64) | 172 (91/81) | 0.051 |
| Age (years) | 55.46±11.33 | 63.23±10.31 | <0.001 |
| Duration of DM (year) | 5.2±5.08 | 8.82±6.46 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.61±3.28 | 23.95±3.41 | 0.07 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 129.23±16.21 | 133.48±18.86 | 0.007 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 71.08±9.32 | 79.32±11.31 | 0.013 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 9.12±2.77 | 8.56±2.26 | 0.184 |
| 2hPG (mmol/L) | 19.79±5.22 | 19.69±4.57 | 0.901 |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.06±2.18 | 8.80±2.38 | 0.285 |
| FINS (mU/L) | 6.34±4.37 | 6.73±5.06 | 0.684 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.77±1.07 | 4.78±1.39 | 0.994 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 2.26±2.11 | 2.01±1.91 | 0.261 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.13±0.35 | 1.18±0.32 | 0.167 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.72±0.83 | 2.75±1.15 | 0.818 |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 2.31±3.23 | 1.87±2.24 | 0.316 |
| Urea (mmol/L) | 6.01±1.81 | 6.68±2.55 | 0.005 |
| Cr (μmoI/L) | 67.12±21.36 | 73.37±27.79 | 0.02 |
| UA (μmoI/L) | 300.87±84.54 | 302.28±84.76 | 0.878 |
| ALT (U/L) | 24.70±14.25 | 21.85±12.72 | 0.052 |
| AST (U/L) | 21.44±8.82 | 21.75±10.97 | 0.773 |
| NSS | 1.50±1.65 | 4.49±2.47 | <0.001 |
| NDS | 3.31±1.46 | 5.91±1.22 | <0.001 |
Data are presented as means±SD.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; Cr, creatinine; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; DPN, diabetic peripheral neuropathy; FINS, fasting serum insulin; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; 2hPG, 2-hour post challenge plasma glucose; hsCRP, hypersensitive C reactive protein; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; NDS, Neuropathy Disability Score; NSS, Neuropathy Symptom Score; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; UA, uric acid.