Characteristics of the study populations (n=437) stratified according to mode of glucose monitoring
| FGM users (n=330) | rt-CGM users (n=35) | SMBG users (n=72) | ||
| Age, years | 48.9±15.7 | 47.9±13.5 | 53.6±17.4 | |
| Males, n (%) | 169 (51.2%) | 11 (31.4%) | 40 (55.6%) | |
| Microvascular complications,† n (%) | 183 (55.5%) | 18 (51.4%) | 42 (59.2%) | |
| Macrovascular complications,‡ n (%) | 40 (12.1%) | 4 (11.4%) | 11 (15.7%) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | Never | 176 (54.2%) | 20 (58.8%) | 36 (50.7%) |
| Past | 112 (34.5%) | 11 (32.4%) | 23 (32.4%) | |
| Current | 37 (11.4%) | 3 (8.8%) | 12 (16.9%) | |
| Alcohol use, n (%) | 258 (79.4%) | 23 (65.7%) | 55 (77.5%) | |
| CSII, n (%) | 162 (49.1%) | 34 (97.1%)** | 25 (34.7%)* | |
| Daily insulin use, IU/kg | 0.6 (0.5–0.7) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) | |
| Diabetes duration, years | 29.5 (15.0–40.0) | 31.0 (21.0–44.0) | 26.0 (15.0–41.5) | |
| Number of hypoglycemic events, n/week | 3 (2–7) | 5 ((3–7)* | 2 (1–4)** | |
| Number of severe hypoglycemic events in past year, n/participant/year | 1 (0–2) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (0–2) | |
| At least one severe hypoglycemic event in past year, n (%) | 43 (13.1%) | 5 (14.3%) | 8 (11.6%) | |
| Impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (Clarke score ≥4), n (%) | 46 (14.0%) | 20 (57.1%)** | 13 (18.3%) | |
| Hospitalization in past year, n (%) | 11 (3.3%) | 4 (11.4%) | 4 (5.6%) | |
| HbA1c, % (mmol/mol) | 7.6±1.0 (60±11) | 7.6±1.1 (59±12) | 7.8±1.2 (62±13) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.9±4.1 | 25.1±4.1 | 25.6±4.4 | |
Data are presented as mean±SD or median (IQR) or number (%).
*P<0.05, **p<0.01: vs FGM users.
†Microvascular complications: retinopathy, nephropathy or neuropathy.
‡Macrovascular complications: coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease or peripheral artery disease.
CSII, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion; FGM, flash glucose monitoring; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; rt-CGM, real-time continuous glucose monitoring; SMBG, self-monitoring of blood glucose.