Results and quality of studies on measurement properties of diabetes-specific PROMs measuring physical functioning in people with type 2 diabetes
| PROM—subscale | Structural validity | Internal consistency | Cross-cultural validity\ measurement invariance | Reliability | Measurement error | Criterion validity | Hypotheses testing for construct validity,* | Responsiveness† |
| DFS—Daily activities42 | Inadequate ? | Inadequate ? | Inadequate Daily life: − Dependence: + | a. Adequate 4+ / 1− b. Very good ? | c. Doubtful 2− | |||
| DFS-SF study 1—Dependence/daily life34 | Inadequate ? | Very good + | Inadequate + | a. Adequate 2+ / 3− | c. Very good 1− | |||
| DFS-SF study 2—Dependence/daily life34 | Very good + | Very good + | Inadequate + | a. Adequate 2+ / 3− | c. Very good 1+ | |||
| DFS-SF Polish—Dependence/daily life45 | Very good + | Inadequate + | a. Very good 4+ / 3−; b1. Inadequate 1+ / 3−; b2. Doubtful ? | |||||
| DFS-SF Chinese—Dependence/daily life38 | Very good + | a. Very good 5+ / 2− b. Very good 1+ / 1− | ||||||
| DFS-SF Greek—Dependence/daily life60 | Very good + | a. Very good 4+ / 3− b. Very good 14+ / 1− | ||||||
| DFS-SF Spanish—Dependence/daily life61 | Inadequate CFA: − EFA: + | Very good + | Doubtful + | a. Adequate 4+ / 1− | c. Very good 1+ | |||
| PRO-DM-Thai—Physical function35 | Very good + | Very good + | b1. Inadequate 1−; b2. Very good ? | |||||
| IWADL/APPADL—(Physical) activities of daily living36 | Doubtful + | Very good + | b. Very good 12+ / 22− | |||||
| IWADL/APPADL—(Physical) activities of daily living46 | Very good + | Adequate + | Doubtful – | d. Very good 2+ / 1− | ||||
| QOLID—Physical endurance37 | Inadequate + | Very good ? | a. Adequate 3+ / 3− b. Very good 3− | |||||
| DQLCTQ—Physical function44 | Doubtful ? | Adequate + | b. Very good 1+ / 1− | c. Very good 2− | ||||
| Diabetes-39—Energy and Mobility (pilot version, 14 items)43 | Adequate + | Very good + | b. Adequate ? | |||||
| Diabetes-39—Energy and Mobility (15 items)43 | Adequate + | Very good + | a. Adequate 6+ / 4− b. Doubtful ? | |||||
| Diabetes-39 Arabic—Energy and Mobility (15 items)39 | Doubtful + | Very good + | a. Adequate 2+ / 3− | |||||
| Diabetes-39 Vietnamese—Energy and mobility (15 items)40 | Very good + | Doubtful + | b. Very good 4+ / 6− | |||||
| Diabetes-39 Portuguese—Energy and Mobility (15 items)41 | Very good + | b. Very good ? | ||||||
| Diabetes-39 Spanish—Energy and Mobility (15 items)51 | Very good + | Doubtful + | b. Very good ? | |||||
| Diabetes-39 Taiwan—Energy and Mobility (15 items)59 | Very good + | a. Very good ? b. Very good 7+ / 5− | ||||||
| Diabetes-39 Taiwan—Energy and Mobility (15 items)48 | Adequate + | |||||||
| Diabetes-39 Thai—Energy and Mobility (10 items)49 | Adequate – | Very good ? | a. Adequate 2+ / 3− b. Very good 4+ / 2− | |||||
| Diabetes-39 German—Physical impairment (seven items)50 | Inadequate ? | Doubtful ? | Doubtful ? | a. Very good ? b. Very good 4+ | d. Doubtful ? | |||
| Diabetes-39 SF—Energy and Mobility (five items)48 | Very good + | |||||||
| C-CWIS—Physical symptoms and everyday living47 | Adequate + | Very good + | a. Inadequate ? b. Inadequate 1+ |
+: sufficient rating; −: insufficient rating; ?: indeterminate rating.
*a: comparison with other instruments, b: comparison between subgroups.
†a: comparison to gold standard, b: comparison with other instruments, c: comparison between subgroups, d: before and after intervention.
C-CWIS, Chinese Cardiff Wound Impact Schedule; CFA, confirmatory factor analysis; DFS, Diabetic Foot Ulcer Scale; DFS-SF, Diabetic Foot Ulcer Scale—Short Form; DQLCTQ, Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire; EFA, exploratory factor analysis; IWADL/APPADL, Impact of Weight on Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire; PRO-DM-Thai, patient-reported outcomes instrument for Thai patients with type 2 diabetes; PROMs, patient-reported outcome measures; QOLID, Quality of Life Instrument for Indian Diabetes Patients.