Adjusted rate ratios (aRRs) and 95% CIs for associations between patient factors and completed guideline-recommended postpartum screening among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): the Gestational Diabetes’ Effects on Moms (GEM) study
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| aRR (95% CI) | aRR (95% CI) | |
| Racial/ethnic background | ||
| Black | 0.83 (0.67 to 1.02) | 0.83 (0.66 to 1.04) |
| Chinese American | 1.30 (1.15 to 1.48) | 1.31 (1.15 to 1.49) |
| Filipina | 1.02 (0.88 to 1.19) | 1.02 (0.89 to 1.18) |
| South Asian | 1.00 (0.86 to 1.16) | 1.01 (0.87 to 1.17) |
| Asian, other | 1.11 (0.93 to 1.33) | 1.12 (0.94 to 1.34) |
| Latina | 1.07 (0.93 to 1.22) | 1.07 (0.94 to 1.23) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Multiracial/other | 0.84 (0.70 to 1.01) | 0.85 (0.71 to 1.02) |
| Education: less than a 4-year college degree | 0.79 (0.72 to 0.87) | 0.79 (0.72 to 0.86) |
| Parity | ||
| 0 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| 1 | 0.93 (0.83 to 1.05) | 0.93 (0.82 to 1.05) |
| ≥2 | 0.79 (0.68 to 0.93) | 0.80 (0.69 to 0.93) |
| Elevated T2D risk | 0.86 (0.75 to 0.98) | 0.86 (0.75 to 0.98) |
| Perinatal depression | 0.88 (0.79 to 0.98) | 0.88 (0.79 to 0.98) |
| Attended postpartum visit | 5.23 (2.98 to 9.20) | 5.28 (2.99 to 9.32) |
| Preterm delivery | – | 0.84 (0.72 to 0.98) |
| Cesarean delivery | – | 1.01 (0.89 to 1.15) |
| Use of GDM medication | – | 0.99 (0.88 to 1.11) |
| GEM trial arm | ||
| Usual care | – | 1 (reference) |
| Intervention | – | 0.94 (0.86 to 1.04) |
| Recalled provider advice about screening* | – | 1.31 (1.03 to 1.67) |
| Recalled provider advice about diabetes risk* | – | 1.25 (0.97 to 1.60) |
aRRs and 95% CIs are from modified Poisson regressions that include race/ethnicity, education, parity, T2D risk, perinatal depression, and attendance at a postpartum visit (model 1), plus preterm delivery, cesarean delivery, use of GDM medication, and GEM trial arm (model 2; n=1642).
*Additional model among postpartum survey responders includes all variables in model 2, plus recall of receiving provider advice about screening and recall of receiving provider advice about diabetes risk (n=1497).
T2D, type 2 diabetes.