Baseline characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of the study population at baseline according to admission glucose >180 mg/dL vs <180 mg/dL
| Characteristic | Diabetes n=383 | Diabetes (<180) n=163 | Diabetes (>180) n=220 | P value | No diabetes n=325 | No diabetes (<180) n=282 | No diabetes (>180) n=43 | P value |
| Age, mean±SD (years) | 69±12 | 69±12 | 68±12 | 0.43 | 66±17 | 66±17 | 69±15 | 0.27 |
| <45 | 11 (3%) | 4 (2%) | 7 (3%) | 0.90 | 36 (11%) | 34 (12%) | 2 (5%) | 0.37 |
| 45–64 | 118 (31%) | 49 (30%) | 69 (31%) | 105 (32%) | 91 (32%) | 14 (33%) | ||
| ≥65 | 254 (66%) | 110 (67%) | 144 (65%) | 184 (57%) | 157 (56%) | 27 (63%) | ||
| Male sex | 192 (50%) | 73 (45%) | 119 (54%) | 0.08 | 171 (53%) | 151 (54%) | 20 (47%) | 0.42 |
| Race | 0.62 | 0.65 | ||||||
| Black | 339 (89%) | 143 (88%) | 196 (89%) | 289 (89%) | 250 (89%) | 39 (91%) | ||
| White | 22 (6%) | 8 (5%) | 14 (6%) | 17 (5%) | 16 (6%) | 1 (2%) | ||
| Asian | 3 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 1 (0%) | 2 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Hispanic | 1 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (1%) | 4 (1%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Unknown | 18 (5%) | 9 (6%) | 9 (4%) | 13 (4%) | 10 (4%) | 3 (7%) | ||
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 354 (92%) | 151 (93%) | 203 (92%) | NS | 227 (70%) | 197 (70%) | 30 (70%) | NS |
| CVD | 338 (88%) | 141 (87%) | 197 (89%) | 0.42 | 221 (68%) | 190 (67%) | 31 (72%) | 0.60 |
| CKD | 95 (25%) | 43 (27%) | 52 (24%) | 0.55 | 30 (9%) | 27 (10%) | 3 (7%) | 0.78 |
| Overweight | 121 (32%) | 51 (31%) | 70 (32%) | NS | 75 (23%) | 67 (24%) | 8 (19%) | 0.56 |
| Obese | 141 (37%) | 68 (42%) | 73 (33%) | 0.11 | 126 (39%) | 102 (36%) | 24 (56%) | 0.02 |
| Laboratory values on admission* | ||||||||
| White cell >9.5×109/L† | 147 (38%) | 46 (28%) | 101 (46%) | <0.001 | 111 (34%) | 91 (32%) | 20 (47%) | 0.08 |
| CRP >8 mg/L† | 326 (95%) | 131 (94%) | 195 (96%) | 0.46 | 262 (95%) | 225 (94%) | 37 (100%) | 0.23 |
| Ferritin >233 mcg/L† | 274 (86%) | 100 (79%) | 174 (90%) | 0.005 | 224 (88%) | 194 (88%) | 30 (86%) | 0.89 |
| Creatinine >1.3 mg/dL† | 238 (62%) | 106 (65%) | 132 (60%) | 0.34 | 154 (47%) | 129 (46%) | 25 (58%) | 0.14 |
| GFR, mean±SD (mL/min) | 46±33 | 43±35 | 48±32 | 0.05 | 62±48 | 63±49 | 60±43 | 0.81 |
| <15 | 69 (19%) | 41 (26%) | 28 (14%) | 0.03 | 40 (14%) | 37 (14%) | 3 (8%) | 0.26 |
| 15–29 | 59 (16%) | 25 (16%) | 34 (17%) | 40 (14%) | 31 (12%) | 9 (24%) | ||
| 30–59 | 128 (35%) | 49 (31%) | 79 (39%) | 83 (28%) | 73 (29%) | 10 (26%) | ||
| >60 | 105 (29%) | 42 (27%) | 63 (31%) | 131 (45%) | 115 (45%) | 16 (42%) | ||
| Outcomes | ||||||||
| Mortality | 160 (42%) | 55 (34%) | 105 (48%) | 0.006 | 123 (38%) | 94 (33%) | 29 (67%) | <0.001 |
| Intubation | 92 (24%) | 31 (19%) | 61 (28%) | 0.05 | 71 (22%) | 52 (18%) | 19 (44%) | <0.001 |
| ICU admission | 83 (22%) | 27 (17%) | 56 (26%) | 0.04 | 63 (19%) | 46 (16%) | 17 (40%) | 0.001 |
| AKI | 166 (43%) | 67 (41%) | 99 (45%) | 0.47 | 94 (29%) | 73 (26%) | 21 (49%) | 0.003 |
| Length of stay, mean±SD (days) | 8.7±9.0 | 8.3±9.4 | 9.0±8.7 | 0.40 | 7.5±8.4 | 7.3±7.6 | 8.8±12.4 | 0.27 |
Bold values indicate statistical significance at p<0.05.
*89 patients had missing CRP values (n=89) and 133 patients had missing ferritin values (n=133).
†Values indicate the upper limit of normal.
AKI, acute kidney injury; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; CVD, cardiovascular disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; ICU, intensive care unit.