Characteristic | Diabetes n=383 | Diabetes (<140) n=112 | Diabetes (>140) n=271 | P value | No diabetes n=325 | No diabetes (<140) n=221 | No diabetes (>140) n=104 | P value |
Age, mean±SD (years) | 69±12 | 68±11 | 69±12 | 0.36 | 66±17 | 64±17 | 70±15 | 0.005 |
<45 | 11 (3%) | 3 (3%) | 8 (3%) | 0.68 | 36 (11%) | 31 (14%) | 5 (5%) | 0.005 |
45–64 | 118 (31%) | 38 (34%) | 80 (30%) | 105 (32%) | 77 (35%) | 28 (27%) | ||
≥65 | 254 (66%) | 71 (63%) | 183 (68%) | 184 (57%) | 113 (51%) | 71 (68%) | ||
Male sex | 192 (50%) | 48 (43%) | 144 (53%) | 0.07 | 171 (53%) | 118 (53%) | 53 (31%) | 0.72 |
Race | 0.43 | 0.42 | ||||||
Black | 339 (89%) | 101 (90%) | 238 (88%) | 289 (89%) | 196 (87%) | 93 (89%) | ||
White | 22 (6%) | 6 (5%) | 16 (6%) | 17 (5%) | 13 (6%) | 4 (4%) | ||
Asian | 3 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 1 (0%) | 1 (1%) | ||
Hispanic | 1 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (1%) | 4 (2%) | 0 (0%) | ||
Unknown | 18 (5%) | 3 (3%) | 15 (6%) | 13 (4%) | 7 (3%) | 6 (6%) | ||
Comorbidities | ||||||||
Hypertension | 354 (92%) | 106 (95%) | 248 (92%) | 0.40 | 227 (70%) | 154 (70%) | 73 (70%) | >0.99 |
CVD | 338 (88%) | 100 (89%) | 238 (88%) | 0.73 | 221 (68%) | 154 (70%) | 67 (64%) | 0.37 |
CKD | 95 (25%) | 30 (27%) | 65 (24%) | 0.60 | 30 (9%) | 19 (9%) | 11 (11%) | 0.55 |
Overweight | 121 (32%) | 30 (27%) | 91 (34%) | 0.23 | 75 (23%) | 50 (23%) | 25 (24%) | 0.78 |
Obese | 141 (37%) | 50 (45%) | 91 (34%) | 0.05 | 126 (39%) | 86 (39%) | 40 (38%) | >0.99 |
Laboratory values on admission | ||||||||
White cell >9.5×109/L† | 147 (38%) | 28 (25%) | 119 (44%) | <0.001 | 111 (34%) | 69 (31%) | 42 (40%) | 0.13 |
CRP >8 mg/L† | 326 (95%) | 90 (94%) | 236 (95%) | 0.60 | 262 (95%) | 175 (94%) | 87 (97%) | 0.56 |
Ferritin >233 mcg/L† | 274 (86%) | 66 (76%) | 208 (89%) | 0.004 | 224 (88%) | 143 (87%) | 81 (90%) | 0.55 |
Creatinine >1.3 mg/dL† | 238 (62%) | 71 (63%) | 167 (62%) | 0.82 | 154 (47%) | 94 (43%) | 60 (58%) | 0.01 |
GFR, mean±SD (mL/min) | 46±33 | 44±37 | 47±32 | 0.17 | 62±48 | 65±51 | 55±38 | 0.16 |
<15 | 69 (19%) | 33 (31%) | 36 (14%) | 0.003 | 40 (14%) | 29 (14%) | 11 (12%) | 0.08 |
15–29 | 59 (16%) | 13 (12%) | 46 (18%) | 40 (14%) | 21 (10%) | 19 (21%) | ||
30–59 | 128 (35%) | 30 (28%) | 98 (39%) | 83 (28%) | 56 (28%) | 27 (30%) | ||
>60 | 105 (29%) | 31 (29%) | 74 (29%) | 131 (45%) | 97 (48%) | 34 (37%) | ||
Outcomes | ||||||||
Mortality | 160 (42%) | 37 (33%) | 123 (45%) | 0.03 | 123 (38%) | 68 (31%) | 55 (53%) | <0.001 |
Intubation | 92 (24%) | 15 (13%) | 77 (28%) | 0.002 | 71 (22%) | 37 (17%) | 34 (33%) | 0.002 |
ICU admission | 83 (22%) | 13 (12%) | 70 (26%) | 0.002 | 63 (19%) | 30 (14%) | 33 (32%) | <0.001 |
AKI | 166 (43%) | 43 (38%) | 123 (45%) | 0.22 | 94 (29%) | 49 (22%) | 45 (43%) | <0.001 |
Length of stay, mean±SD (days) | 8.7±9.0 | 8.0±8.3 | 9.1±9.3 | 0.34 | 7.5±8.4 | 7.2±8.0 | 8.1±9.2 | 0.08 |
Bold values indicate statistical significance values.
*89 patients had missing CRP values (n=89) and 133 patients had missing ferritin values (n=133).
†Values indicate the upper limit of normal.
AKI, acute kidney injury; Bold values, Bold values indicate statistical significance; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; CVD, cardiovascular disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; ICU, intensive care unit.