Baseline characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of the study population at baseline according to diabetes status
| Characteristic | Total, n (%) n=708 | Diabetes n=383 | No diabetes n=325 | P value |
| Age, mean±SD (years) | 68±14 | 69±12 | 66±17 | 0.11 |
| <45 | 47 (7%) | 11 (3%) | 36 (11%) | <0.001 |
| 45–64 | 223 (32%) | 118 (31%) | 105 (32%) | |
| ≥65 | 438 (62%) | 254 (66%) | 184 (57%) | |
| Male sex | 363 (51%) | 192 (50%) | 171 (53%) | 0.55 |
| Body Mass Index (BMI), mean (kg/m2) | 29.50 | 29.21 | 29.85 | 0.64 |
| Race | ||||
| Black | 628 (89%) | 339 (89%) | 289 (89%) | |
| White | 39 (6%) | 22 (6%) | 17 (5%) | |
| Asian | 5 (1%) | 3 (1%) | 2 (1%) | |
| Hispanic | 5 (1%) | 1 (0%) | 4 (1%) | |
| Unknown | 31 (4%) | 18 (5%) | 13 (4%) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 581 (82%) | 354 (92%) | 227 (70%) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease (CVD) | 559 (79%) | 338 (88%) | 221 (68%) | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease (CKD) | 125 (18%) | 95 (25%) | 30 (9%) | <0.001 |
| Overweight | 196 (28%) | 121 (32%) | 75 (23%) | 0.01 |
| Obese | 267 (38%) | 141 (37%) | 126 (39%) | 0.64 |
| Laboratory values on admission* | ||||
| Blood Glucose ≤140 mg/dL | 333 (47%) | 112 (29%) | 221 (68%) | |
| Blood Glucose 141–180 mg/dL | 112 (16%) | 51 (13%) | 61 (19%) | |
| Blood Glucose >180 mg/dL | 263 (37%) | 220 (57%) | 43 (13%) | <0.001 |
| White cell >9.5×109/L† | 258 (36%) | 147 (38%) | 111 (34%) | 0.27 |
| CRP >8 mg/L† | 588/619 (95%) | 326/344 (95%) | 262/276 (95%) | >0.99 |
| Ferritin >233 mcg/L† | 498/575 (87%) | 274/320 (86%) | 224/255 (88%) | 0.44 |
| Creatinine >1.3 mg/dL† | 392 (55%) | 238 (62%) | 154 (47%) | <0.001 |
| GFR, mean±SD | 53±41 mL/min | 46±33 mL/min | 62±48 mL/min | <0.001 |
| <15 mL/min | 109 (17%) | 69 (19%) | 40 (14%) | <0.001 |
| 15–29 mL/min | 99 (15%) | 59 (16%) | 40 (14%) | |
| 30–59 mL/min | 211 (32%) | 128 (35%) | 83 (28%) | |
| >60 mL/min | 236 (36%) | 105 (29%) | 131 (45%) | |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Mortality | 283 (40%) | 160 (42%) | 123 (38%) | 0.32 |
| Intubation | 163 (23%) | 92 (24%) | 71 (22%) | 0.53 |
| ICU admission | 146 (21%) | 83 (22%) | 63 (19%) | 0.46 |
| Acute kidney injury (AKI) | 260 (37%) | 166 (43%) | 94 (29%) | <0.001 |
| Length of stay, mean±SD (days) | 8.2±8.7 | 8.7±9.0 | 7.5±8.4 | 0.03 |
Bold values indicate statistical significance.
*89 patients had missing CRP values (n=89) and 133 patients had missing ferritin values (n=133).
†values indicare the upper limit of normal.
CRP, C-reactive protein; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; ICU, intensive care unit.