Clinical data comparison between high-risk and low-risk subjects, classified based on PDX-1 genotype
| Parameters | All subjects | High risk | Low risk | P value |
| (n=63) | (n=16) | (n=47) | ||
| Age (years) | 44.6±16.0 | 44.4±13.4 | 44.0±14.0 | |
| Sex (male/female) | 36/27 | 7/9 | 29/18 | |
| Type 2 diabetes/non-diabetes | 30/35 | 8/8 | 22/27 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.9±4.3 | 24.0±4.3 | 23.8±4.3 | N.S. |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 3.2±4.2 | 3.0±3.2 | 3.3±4.6 | N.S. |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 6.01±1.51 | 6.45±1.97 | 5.83±1.31 | N.S. |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.58±1.57 | 7.09±2.24 | 6.38±1.25 | N.S. |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 47.0±16.0 | 52.0±13.0 | 45.0±13.0 | N.S. |
| HOMA-beta (%) | 98.1±61.9 | 72.9±54.2 | 107.0±63.5 | <0.05 |
| Insulinogenic Index | 1.04±1.13 | 0.83±1.21 | 1.11±1.11 | N.S. |
| Glucose AUC (0–180 min) | 20.0±6.7 | 21.1±8.62 | 19.6±6.08 | N.S. |
| Insulin AUC (0–180 min) | 105.2±58.4 | 75.7±36.7 | 112.7±59.5 | <0.05 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.89±2.40 | 2.51±2.06 | 2.98±2.53 | N.S. |
| Insulin sensitivity index | 6.27±4.40 | 7.37±4.83 | 5.98±4.24 | N.S. |
| Disposition index | 5.63±6.07 | 5.87±8.04 | 5.63±5.40 | N.S. |
| GDR (mg/kg/min) | 8.21±3.32 | 8.46±2.72 | 8.13±3.55 | N.S. |
| M/I | 10.9±9.9 | 12.8±7.6 | 10.4±10.6 | N.S. |
| LDL-C | 3.11±0.78 | 3.25±0.67 | 3.00±0.73 | N.S. |
| HDL-C | 1.51±0.44 | 1.55±0.34 | 1.50±0.50 | N.S. |
| Triglyceride | 1.18±0.73 | 1.21±0.86 | 1.15±0.69 | N.S. |
Data are presented as the mean±SD values.
The comparison of parameters between high-risk and low-risk groups was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test.
AUC, area under the curve; BMI, body mass index; GDR, glucose disposal rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-beta, homeostatic model assessment beta-cell function ; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; N.S., not significant; PDX-1, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor-1; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.