Parameters | All subjects | Type 2 | Non-diabetes | P value |
(n=16) | (n=8) | (n=8) | ||
Age (years) | 44.4±13.4 | 59.0±13.0 | 32.9±7.7 | |
Sex (male/female) | 7/9 | 3/5 | 4/4 | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.0±4.3 | 26.6±4.0 | 21.6±2.0 | <0.05 |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 3.0±3.2 | 3.0±3.2 | – | |
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 6.45±1.97 | 8.14±1.32 | 4.76±0.27 | <0.01 |
HbA1c (%) | 7.09±2.24 | 8.68±1.85 | 5.35±0.25 | <0.01 |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 52.0±13.0 | 70.0±20.0 | 35.0±3.0 | <0.01 |
HOMA-beta (%) | 72.9±54.2 | 44.6±26.9 | 100.9±61.4 | <0.05 |
Insulinogenic index | 0.83±1.21 | 0.25±0.25 | 1.40±1.51 | 0.06 |
Glucose AUC (0–180 min) | 21.1±8.62 | 28.6±4.9 | 13.5±1.9 | <0.01 |
Insulin AUC (0–180 min) | 75.7±36.7 | 74.7±31.6 | 76.7±43.4 | N.S. |
HOMA-IR | 2.51±2.06 | 3.71±2.30 | 1.30±0.65 | <0.01 |
Insulin sensitivity index | 7.37±4.83 | 4.65±2.41 | 10.0±5.22 | <0.05 |
Disposition index | 5.87±8.04 | 1.08±1.02 | 10.66±9.23 | <0.05 |
GDR (mg/kg/min) | 8.46±2.72 | 11.0±9.11 | 10.2±2.3 | <0.01 |
M/I | 12.8±7.6 | 10.3±8.7 | 15.0±5.5 | N.S. |
LDL-C | 3.25±0.67 | 3.70±0.60 | 2.81±0.41 | <0.01 |
HDL-C | 1.55±0.34 | 1.30±0.20 | 1.75±0.33 | <0.01 |
Triglyceride | 1.21±0.86 | 1.80±0.83 | 0.60±0.26 | <0.01 |
Data are presented as the mean±SD values.
Comparison of parameters between T2DM and non-diabetes subjects was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test.
AUC, area under the curve; BMI, body mass index; GDR, glucose disposal rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-beta, homeostatic model assessment beta-cell function; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; N.S., not significant; PDX-1, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor-1; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.