Baseline characteristics of adult participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
| Total sample n=7268 | Men n=3265 | Women n=4003 | P value | |
| Baseline age (years) | 41.2±14.1* | 42.4±14.6 | 40.6±13.5 | <0.001 |
| Current smokers (%) | 22.6 | 38.2 | 9.9 | <0.001 |
| Physical activity (MET/min/week) | 453±793 | 543±844 | 379±312 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.1±4.5 | 26.7±4.0 | 27.5±5.9 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 89.8±13.0 | 94.5±11.3 | 85.8±13.4 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 113±16.7 | 117±15.9 | 109±16.1 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 74.3±10.2 | 77.7±10.3 | 72.4±10.2 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 219±121 | 234±138 | 207±117 | <0.001 |
| TG/HDL ratio | 3.5±3.0 | 4.2±3.7 | 2.9±2.4 | <0.001 |
| FBG (mg/dL) | 96.1±26.6 | 97.3±25.5 | 95.2±26.3 | <0.001 |
| 2-hour plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 104±41 | 103±43 | 105±38 | 0.05 |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 2287±689 | 2458±728 | 2148±609 | <0.001 |
| Carbohydrate (% of energy) | 58.5±8.3 | 59.6±6.4 | 57.5±8.5 | <0.001 |
| Protein (% of energy) | 14.6±5.2 | 14.4±2.7 | 14.6±7.1 | 0.02 |
| Total fat (% of energy) | 30.4±10.3 | 29.1±6.0 | 31.8±15.6 | 0.01 |
| HEI scores | 62.3±9.1 | 61.8±8.8 | 62.8±9.1 | 0.09 |
| Mediterranean diet score | 4.0±1.3 | 4.0±1.3 | 4.0±1.3 | 0.60 |
| DASH score | 24.0±4.9 | 24.0±4.9 | 24.0±4.8 | 0.53 |
| Sodium (mg/day) | 3892±4089 | 3938±2311 | 3855±5099 | 0.76 |
| Red meat (serving (30 g)/day) | 0.84±0.76 | 0.91±0.84 | 0.79±0.69 | <0.001 |
P values derived through Student’s t-test and χ2 test for quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively.
*Values are mean±SD unless otherwise listed.
BMI, body mass index; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HEI, Healthy Eating Index; MET, metabolic equivalent; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TG, triglyceride.