OR (95% CI) | P value | |
Model 1 | 3.570 (1.412 to 9.025) | 0.007 |
Model 2 | 5.534 (1.796 to 17.049) | 0.003 |
Model 3 | 4.766 (1.398 to 16.251) | 0.013 |
Model 1: unadjusted.
Model 2: adjusted for age, gender, BMI, duration of T2DM, HbA1c, and fasting C-peptide.
Model 3: adjusted for age, gender, BMI, duration of T2DM, HbA1c, fasting C-peptide, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin, estimated glomerular filtration rate and ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II antagonist treatment.
BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; Ism-1, isthmin-1; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.