General characteristics of individuals with type 2 diabetes according to education level
| Compulsory education, n=2789 | Upper secondary education, n=4016 | Higher education, n=1387 | ||||
| Valid numbers, n (%) | Valid numbers, n (%) | Valid numbers, n (%) | ||||
| Patient characteristics | ||||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 2789 (100) | 69.1 (13.8) | 4016 (100) | 67.4 (12.1) | 1387 (100) | 65.4 (11.8) |
| Men, n (%) | 2789 (100) | 1289 (46.2) | 4016 (100) | 2350 (58.5) | 1387 (100) | 874 (63.0) |
| Diabetes duration (years), median (IQR) | 2620 (93.9) | 8 (3–13) | 3796 (94.5) | 7 (3–12) | 1326 (95.6) | 7 (3–12) |
| Age at diagnosis (years), median (IQR) | 2620 (93.9) | 61 (50–69) | 3796 (94.5) | 59 (51–67) | 1326 (95.6) | 58 (50–65) |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 1255 (50.0) | 30.5 (6.3) | 1918 (47.8) | 30.2 (5.8) | 674 (48.6) | 29.7 (5.7) |
| Smoking, n (%) | 2260 (81.0) | 642 (28.4) | 3258 (81.1) | 707 (21.7) | 1102 (79.5) | 157 (14.3) |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||||
| HbA1c, %, mean (SD) | 2707 (97.1) | 7.0 (1.2) | 3885 (96.7) | 6.9 (1.1) | 1336 (96.3) | 6.9 (1.1) |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol, mean (SD) | 2708 (97.1) | 53 (13) | 3886 (96.7) | 52 (12) | 1336 (96.3) | 52 (12) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 2428 (87.1) | 137 (17) | 3537 (87.9) | 136 (16) | 1214 (87.4) | 135 (15) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 2428 (87.1) | 77 (10) | 3537 (87.9) | 78 (9) | 1214 (87.4) | 79 (9) |
| LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 2285 (81.9) | 2.8 (1.0) | 3380 (84.2) | 2.7 (0.9) | 1170 (84.4) | 2.8 (0.9) |
| Prescribed medication | ||||||
| Insulin, n (%) | 2789 (100) | 549 (19.7) | 4016 (100) | 673 (16.8) | 1387 (100) | 181 (13.0) |
| Per oral glucose lowering, n (%) | 2789 (100) | 1856 (66.6) | 4016 (100) | 2667 (66.4) | 1387 (100) | 874 (63.0) |
| Lipid-lowering medication, n (%) | 2789 (100) | 1723 (61.8) | 4016 (100) | 2496 (62.2) | 1387 (100) | 796 (57.4) |
| Lipid-lowering medication with CHD, n (%) | 721 (100*) | 595 (82.5) | 920 (100*) | 800 (87.0) | 234 (100*) | 202 (86.3) |
| Lipid-lowering medication with no CHD, n (%) | 2060 (73.9*) | 1123 (54.5) | 3086 (76.8*) | 1689 (54.7) | 1150 (82.9*) | 593 (51.6) |
| Acetylsalicylic acid, n (%) | 2789 (100) | 1200 (43.0) | 4016 (100) | 1577 (39.3) | 1387 (100) | 500 (36.1) |
| Vascular complications | ||||||
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 2781 (99.7) | 721 (25.9) | 4006 (99.8) | 920 (23.0) | 1384 (99.8) | 234 (16.9) |
| Stroke, n (%) | 2786 (99.9) | 266 (9.6) | 4008 (99.8) | 296 (7.4) | 1385 (99.9) | 91 (6.6) |
| Chronic kidney disease, eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2, n (%) | 2662 (95.4) | 635 (23.9) | 3813 (94.9) | 640 (16.8) | 1297 (93.5) | 163 (12.6) |
| Retinopathy, all, n (%) | 1669 (59.8) | 132 (13.9) | 2496 (62.2) | 288 (11.5) | 888 (64.0) | 104 (11.7) |
| Foot complications | 2789 (100) | 166 (6.0) | 4016 (100) | 207 (5.2) | 1387 (100) | 49 (3.5) |
| PTA/arterial surgery, n (%) | 2779 (99.6) | 67 (2.4) | 3996 (99.5) | 96 (2.4) | 1382 (99.6) | 17 (1.2) |
| History of foot ulcer, n (%) | 2785 (99.9) | 101 (3.6) | 4009 (99.8) | 121 (3.0) | 1387 (100) | 37 (2.7) |
| Lower limb amputations, n (%) | 2787 (100) | 25 (0.9) | 4011 (99.9) | 38 (0.9) | 1386 (100) | 6 (0.4) |
*Per cent of subpopulation with/without CHD and prescribed/not prescribed lipid-lowering medication.
BMI, body mass index; CHD, coronary heart disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PTA, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.