Characteristics of participants with pre-diabetes, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2007–2008 to 2017–2018
| Years | 2007–2008 | 2009–2010 | 2011–2012 | 2013–2014 | 2015–2016 | 2017–2018 |
| Numbers | 1134 | 1192 | 982 | 1024 | 986 | 1056 |
| Mean age (years) | 49.3 (0.8) | 49.8 (0.8) | 50.8 (0.7) | 49.9 (0.6) | 50.9 (0.7) | 50.5 (0.8) |
| Age distribution (%) | ||||||
| 18–44 | 37.2 (3.0) | 38.2 (2.5) | 36.9 (2.5) | 39.4 (1.6) | 36.0 (2.1) | 37.6 (2.1) |
| 45–64 | 44.3 (3.0) | 40.5 (2.1) | 41.1 (2.6) | 39.1 (1.6) | 38.6 (2.4) | 39.2 (2.5) |
| ≥65 | 18.6 (1.2) | 21.3 (1.0) | 22.0 (1.1) | 21.5 (1.9) | 25.4 (2.1) | 23.2 (2.2) |
| Male (%) | 56.4 (1.7) | 55.8 (1.5) | 54.3 (2.3) | 53.8 (2.0) | 53.4 (1.8) | 54.1 (1.7) |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | ||||||
| Mexican American | 13.1 (2.5) | 13.8 (2.8) | 13.8 (2.2) | 15.7 (2.6) | 15.8 (2.8) | 15.7 (2.4) |
| Non-Hispanic white | 71.7 (4.0) | 67.7 (3.6) | 68.3 (3.4) | 64.4 (3.5) | 62.3 (3.8) | 63.9 (2.1) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 10.3 (2.0) | 12.2 (0.9) | 11.4 (2.1) | 12.3 (1.7) | 11.0 (2.2) | 10.0 (1.5) |
| Other | 5.0 (1.0) | 6.3 (1.1) | 6.5 (1.1) | 7.7 (1.1) | 10.9 (1.6) | 10.4 (1.5) |
| Education (%) | ||||||
| Less than high school | 20.9 (1.9) | 21.2 (1.8) | 18.5 (2.0) | 18.2 (1.9) | 16.7 (2.1) | 11.3 (1.1) |
| High school graduate | 26.6 (2.0) | 24.4 (1.8) | 22.1 (2.7) | 22.4 (2.0) | 23.3 (2.8) | 32.1 (1.9) |
| Some college | 26.0 (2.4) | 28.2 (1.1) | 31.0 (2.6) | 31.6 (2.0) | 30.8 (2.2) | 29.5 (2.2) |
| College graduate | 26.5 (2.2) | 26.1 (2.2) | 28.4 (2.9) | 27.7 (1.6) | 29.2 (3.6) | 27.2 (3.1) |
| Income-to-poverty ratio <1 (%) | 13.8 (1.8) | 14.8 (1.6) | 14.5 (2.0) | 17.8 (1.8) | 15.9 (1.4) | 12.4 (1.9) |
| Smoke (%) | ||||||
| Non-smoker | 49.5 (2.5) | 54.8 (2.5) | 51.1 (2.8) | 54.3 (2.4) | 52.0 (2.5) | 55.4 (2.0) |
| Current smoker | 22.7 (1.6) | 19.8 (1.4) | 23.2 (2.1) | 19.9 (1.8) | 19.3 (2.3) | 18.3 (1.6) |
| Former smoker | 27.8 (2.4) | 25.4 (2.6) | 25.7 (1.9) | 25.9 (1.8) | 28.7 (2.5) | 26.3 (1.9) |
| Excessive alcohol use (%) | 10.1 (1.3) | 10.5 (1.4) | 10.4 (1.7) | 9.4 (1.2) | 12.1 (1.7) | 7.7 (1.4) |
| Obesity (%) | 34.4 (2.2) | 42.1 (1.3) | 40.5 (2.4) | 43.7 (2.2) | 43.1 (2.3) | 43.5 (2.2) |
| Hypertension (%) | 49.5 (1.3) | 48.6 (2.4) | 50.5 (2.9) | 53.5 (1.8) | 52.3 (3.0) | 53.2 (2.6) |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 29.4 (1.7) | 33.7 (1.7) | 33.2 (2.7) | 33.3 (1.8) | 33.1 (2.0) | 29.4 (1.5) |
| Healthcare visits ≤1 (%) | 36.9 (2.9) | 34.5 (1.6) | 34.1 (1.9) | 33.1 (2.0) | 37.0 (2.1) | 34.8 (2.6) |
| Statin use (%) | 28.6 (1.8) | 31.2 (1.9) | 33.4 (3.0) | 34.7 (2.2) | 34.9 (2.4) | 32.0 (2.4) |
| Metformin use (%) | 1.1 (0.5) | 1.7 (0.7) | 1.1 (0.6) | 2.5 (0.8) | 3.9 (1.1) | 2.6 (0.9) |
| Antihypertensive drug use (%) | 11.1 (2.1) | 13.4 (1.7) | 11.3 (2.7) | 9.7 (2.1) | 10.8 (2.0) | 8.1 (1.2) |
| History of CVD (%) | 8.5 (1.0) | 9.3 (1.0) | 10.4 (1.9) | 9.3 (1.3) | 10.1 (1.3) | 8.6 (1.4) |
| History of cancer (%) | 8.9 (1.2) | 10.4 (1.4) | 9.8 (1.4) | 12.7 (1.5) | 13.2 (1.3) | 11.2 (1.5) |
Data are presented as mean with SE in parentheses.
CVD, cardiovascular disease.