Key baseline characteristics of Pre-DICTED versus other large pre-diabetes trials involving lifestyle intervention
| Pre-DICTED | Diabetes Community Lifestyle Improvement Program | Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme* | Kerala Diabetes Prevention Programme | Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study | Beijing Prediabetes Reversion Program | Zensharen Study for Prevention of Lifestyle Diseases* | US Diabetes Prevention Program | Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study* | |
| No of participants | 751 | 576 | 531 | 1007 | 530 | 1945 | 641 | 3234 | 522 |
| Year of recruitment (country) | 2017–2021 (Singapore) | 2009–2012 (Chennai, India) | 2001–2002 (India) | 2013 (Kerala, India) | 1986 (Da Qing, China) | 2007–2011 (Beijing, China) | 2003 (Japan) | 1996–1999 (USA) | 1993–1998 (Finland) |
| Study design | RCT, 2 arms: (1) usual care, (2) group-based LI+stepwise addition of metformin +incentives | RCT, 2 arms: (1) usual care, (2) group-based LI+stepwise addition of metformin | RCT, 4 arms: (1) usual care, (2) LI, (3) metformin, (4) LI+metformin | Cluster RCT, 2 arms: (1) health education booklet on lifestyle modification, (2) group-based LI | Cluster RCT, 4 arms: (1) usual care, (2) diet, (3) exercise, (4) diet+exercise | RCT, 4 arms: (1) LI+placebo, (2) LI+pioglitazone, (3) intensive LI+placebo, (4) intensive LI+pioglitazone | RCT, 2 arms: (1) infrequent LI (4 sessions over 3 years), (2) frequent LI (9–11 sessions over 3 years) | RCT, 3 arms: (1) placebo, (2) metformin, (3) LI | RCT, 2 arms: (1) usual care, (2) LI |
| Age, years, mean | 52.5 | 44.4 | 45.2 | 46.0 | 45.0 | 53 | 48 | 50.6 | 55 |
| Women, % | 53 | 37 | 21 | 47 | 47 | 58 | 29 | 68 | 67 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean | 29.0 | 27.9 | 26.3 | 24.9 | 25.8 | 26† | 27.1 | 34.0 | 31.0 |
| Waist circumference, cm, mean | 95.2 | 94.8 | 89.8 | 88.3 | NR | 89† | 91.9 | 105.1 | 100.5 |
| Family history of diabetes, % | 58 | 57 | 50 | 48 | NR | NR | NR | 69 | 64 |
| Glycemic testing, mean | |||||||||
| FPG, mmol/L | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 6.0† | 5.9 | 5.9 | 6.2 |
| 2-hour plasma glucose, mmol/L | 8.9 | 8.3 | 8.6 | 5.9 | 9.0 | 8.9† | 7.4 | 9.1 | 8.9 |
| HbA1c, % | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 5.6 | NR | 5.8† | 5.4 | 5.9 | 5.6 |
| Lipids, mmol/L, mean | |||||||||
| Total cholesterol | 5.0 | NR | 5.1 | 5.7 | NR | 4.9† | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.6 |
| HDL cholesterol | 1.3 | NR | NR | 1.3 | NR | 1.2† | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.2 |
| Triglycerides | 1.5 | NR | 1.9 | 1.1† | NR | 1.5† | 1.4† | 1.8 | 1.7 |
| LDL cholesterol | 3.0 | NR | NR | 3.8 | NR | 3.2† | NR | 3.2 | NR |
| Blood pressure, mm Hg, mean | |||||||||
| Systolic | 129 | NR | 124 | 123 | NR | 120† | 131 | 124 | 136 |
| Diastolic | 84 | NR | 76 | 75 | NR | 78† | 81 | 78 | 86 |
*Values for continuous variables are based on the respective control groups; values for the overall cohort were not reported.
†Values are medians.
BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LI, lifestyle intervention; NR, not reported; Pre-DICTED, Pre-Diabetes Interventions and Continued Tracking to Ease-out Diabetes; RCT, randomized controlled trial.