Table 4

Key baseline characteristics of Pre-DICTED versus other large pre-diabetes trials involving lifestyle intervention

Pre-DICTEDDiabetes Community Lifestyle Improvement ProgramIndian Diabetes Prevention Programme*Kerala Diabetes Prevention ProgrammeDa Qing IGT and Diabetes StudyBeijing Prediabetes Reversion ProgramZensharen Study for Prevention of Lifestyle Diseases*US Diabetes Prevention ProgramFinnish Diabetes Prevention Study*
No of participants751576531100753019456413234522
Year of recruitment (country)2017–2021 (Singapore)2009–2012 (Chennai, India)2001–2002 (India)2013 (Kerala, India)1986 (Da Qing, China)2007–2011 (Beijing, China)2003 (Japan)1996–1999 (USA)1993–1998 (Finland)
Study designRCT, 2 arms: (1) usual care, (2) group-based LI+stepwise addition of metformin
+incentives
RCT, 2 arms:

(1) usual care,

(2) group-based LI+stepwise addition of metformin
RCT, 4 arms:
(1) usual care, (2) LI,

(3) metformin, (4) LI+metformin
Cluster RCT, 2 arms:
(1) health education booklet on lifestyle modification,
(2) group-based LI
Cluster RCT, 4 arms:
(1) usual care,
(2) diet,
(3) exercise,
(4) diet+exercise
RCT, 4 arms:
(1) LI+placebo,
(2) LI+pioglitazone,
(3) intensive LI+placebo,
(4) intensive LI+pioglitazone
RCT, 2 arms:
(1) infrequent LI (4 sessions over 3 years), (2) frequent LI (9–11 sessions over 3 years)
RCT, 3 arms:
(1) placebo, (2) metformin, (3) LI
RCT, 2 arms: (1) usual care,

(2) LI
Age, years, mean52.544.445.246.045.0534850.655
Women, %533721474758296867
BMI, kg/m2, mean29.027.926.324.925.826†27.134.031.0
Waist circumference, cm, mean95.294.889.888.3NR89†91.9105.1100.5
Family history of diabetes, %58575048NRNRNR6964
Glycemic testing, mean
 FPG, mmol/L5.85.75.55.85.66.0†5.95.96.2
 2-hour plasma glucose, mmol/L8.98.38.65.99.08.9†7.49.18.9
 HbA1c, %6.06.06.25.6NR5.8†5.45.95.6
Lipids, mmol/L, mean
 Total cholesterol5.0NR5.15.7NR4.9†5.55.35.6
 HDL cholesterol1.3NRNR1.3NR1.2†1.41.11.2
 Triglycerides1.5NR1.91.1†NR1.5†1.4†1.81.7
 LDL cholesterol3.0NRNR3.8NR3.2†NR3.2NR
Blood pressure, mm Hg, mean
 Systolic129NR124123NR120†131124136
 Diastolic84NR7675NR78†817886
  • *Values for continuous variables are based on the respective control groups; values for the overall cohort were not reported.

  • †Values are medians.

  • BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LI, lifestyle intervention; NR, not reported; Pre-DICTED, Pre-Diabetes Interventions and Continued Tracking to Ease-out Diabetes; RCT, randomized controlled trial.