Table 1

Ordinal logistic regression analysis for the association of insulin resistance indices and total burden of cSVD

Outcomes	Quartiles of insulin resistance indices	Model 1*		Model 2†		Model 3‡
Outcomes	Quartiles of insulin resistance indices	Adjusted cOR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted cOR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted cOR (95% CI)	P value
Total SVD score (4-point scale)§	ISI_0,120 Q4¶	ref		ref		ref
	ISI_0,120 Q3	1.13 (0.88 to 1.45)	0.34	1.15 (0.89 to 1.47)	0.29	1.11 (0.86 to 1.43)	0.43
	ISI_0,120 Q2	1.28 (1.00 to 1.64)	0.05	1.24 (0.96 to 1.59)	0.09	1.10 (0.86 to 1.43)	0.45
	ISI_0,120 Q1	1.41 (1.10 to 1.79)	0.01	1.34 (1.04 to 1.72)	0.02	1.09 (0.84 to 1.43)	0.51
Total SVD score (6-point scale)**	ISI_0,120 Q4	ref		ref		ref
	ISI_0,120 Q3	1.04 (0.83 to 1.31)	0.72	1.07 (0.86 to 1.35)	0.54	1.03 (0.82 to 1.30)	0.79
	ISI_0,120 Q2	1.32 (1.06 to 1.65)	0.01	1.33 (1.06 to 1.66)	0.01	1.18 (0.94 to 1.49)	0.16
	ISI_0,120 Q1	1.41 (1.13 to 1.75)	0.002	1.43 (1.14 to 1.80)	0.002	1.19 (0.93 to 1.51)	0.17
Total SVD score (4-point scale)	HOMA-IR Q1††	ref		ref		ref
	HOMA-IR Q2	0.91 (0.71 to 1.16)	0.43	0.89 (0.70 to 1.14)	0.37	0.81 (0.63 to 1.05)	0.10
	HOMA-IR Q3	1.01 (0.79 to 1.29)	0.96	0.97 (0.75 to 1.25)	0.80	0.87 (0.66 to 1.14)	0.31
	HOMA-IR Q4	1.37 (1.08 to 1.75)	0.01	1.33 (1.04 to 1.70)	0.03	1.12 (0.84 to 1.51)	0.43
Total SVD score (6-point scale)	HOMA-IR Q1	ref		ref		ref
	HOMA-IR Q2	0.89 (0.72 to 1.11)	0.31	0.90 (0.72 to 1.13)	0.36	0.82 (0.65 to 1.03)	0.09
	HOMA-IR Q3	0.94 (0.75 to 1.18)	0.59	0.94 (0.75 to 1.18)	0.60	0.85 (0.66 to 1.08)	0.18
	HOMA-IR Q4	1.20 (0.96 to 1.50)	0.10	1.21 (0.96 to 1.52)	0.10	0.99 (0.76 to 1.29)	0.94

Significant p values have been presentd in bold.
*Model 1: multivariable regression model which was adjusted for age and gender.
†Model 2: model 2 adjusted for model 1+medical history including coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, dyslipidemia and stroke, smoking, alcohol intake, and medications including lipid-lowering, antiplatelet, anticoagulants.
‡Model 3: model 3 adjusted for model 2+medical history of hypertension, medications of antihypertension, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and body mass index.
§One point is allocated to each of the following: (1) presence of lacunes, (2) presence of microbleeds, (3) moderate-to-severe BG PVS, and (4) severe periventricular or moderate-to-severe deep WMH.
¶Quartiles of ISI_0,120: Q1 ≤54.30; Q2 54.30–72.88; Q3 72.88–97.08; Q4 ≥97.08.
**One point allocated for presence of lacunes, 1–4 microbleeds, moderate-to-severe PVS (>20) in BG, moderate WMH (total periventricular+deep WMH grade 3–4), 2 points allocated for ≥5 microbleeds and severe WMH (total periventricular+deep WMH grade 5–6).
††Quartiles of HOMA-IR: Q1 ≤1.07; Q2 1.07–1.55; Q3 1.55–2.24; Q4 ≥2.24.
BG, basal ganglia; cOR, common OR; cSVD, cerebral small vessel disease; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; ISI, insulin sensitivity index; PVS, perivascular spaces; ref, reference; WMH, white matter hyperintensity.