Participant characteristics
| Variables | Control (n=1276) | Type 2 diabetes (n=945) | P value |
| Mean age (years) (95% CI) | 41.57 (40.82 to 42.32) | 59.37 (58.72 to 60.03) | <0.001 |
| Mean BMI (kg/m2) (95% CI) | 23.65 (23.45 to 23.86) | 25.72 (25.46 to 25.99) | <0.001 |
| SBP (mm Hg) (95% CI) | 120.02 (119.19 to 120.85) | 131.63 (130.53 to 132.72) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) (95% CI) | 73.22 (72.61 to 73.84) | 77.09 (76.48 to 77.69) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) (95% CI) | 14.04 (13.96 to 14.12) | 13.61 (13.52 to 12.70) | <0.001 |
| Glycosylated hemoglobin (%) (95% CI) | – | 7.12 (7.03 to 7.21) | – |
| Male, n (%) | 644 (50.5) | 495 (52.4) | 0.373 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 30 (2.6) | 689 (73.1) | <0.001 |
| Smoking (current), n (%) | 141 (12.3) | 90 (9.6) | <0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.