Retinal characteristics of people with diabetes and the controls
| Retinal characteristics | Controls (n=1276) | Diabetes mellitus (n=945) | P value |
| lCRAE | 12.321 (12.275–12.367) | 12.231 (12.154–12.308) | 0.050 |
| lCRVE | 19.161 (19.109–19.213) | 19.206 (19.118–19.295) | 0.387 |
| lMBCA | 1.683 (1.678–1.688) | 1.682 (1.677–1.686) | 0.759 |
| lMBCV | 1.285 (1.283–1.288) | 1.267 (1.263–1.271) | <0.001 |
| lMVangle | 72.031 (71.907–72.154) | 73.182 (73.040–73.324) | <0.001 |
| lMAangle | 73.462 (73.368–73.555) | 72.760 (72.604–72.916) | <0.001 |
| lMAasymmetry | 0.842 (0.841–0.843) | 0.854 (0.8853–0.855) | <0.001 |
| lMVasymmetry | 0.741 (0.739–0.742) | 0.755 (0.753–0.756) | <0.001 |
| lTortuosity | 0.313 (0.310–0.317) | 0.302 (0.2298–0.305) | <0.001 |
| lNipping | 0.327 (0.321–0.332) | 0.243 (0.239–0.248) | <0.001 |
| lHemorrhage | 0.286 (0.281–0.291) | 0.233 (0.226–0.241) | <0.001 |
| lAocclusion | 0.099 (0.096–0.103) | 0.102 (0.096–0.108) | 0.425 |
| lExudates | 0.232 (0.227–0.236) | 0.251 (0.245–0.257) | <0.001 |
| lAVR | 0.643 (0.642–0.0.644) | 0.636 (0.634–0.0.637) | <0.001 |
| rCRAE | 12.123 (12.080–12.166) | 11.798 (11.719–11.877) | <0.001 |
| rCRVE | 18.948 (18.896–19.001) | 18.791 (18.702–18.880) | 0.003 |
| rMBCA | 1.673 (1.668–1.678) | 1.688 (1.683–1.693) | <0.001 |
| rMBCV | 1.280 (1.278–1.282) | 1.259 (1.255–1.263) | <0.001 |
| rMVangle | 72.231 (72.090–72.371) | 74.114 (73.965–74.263) | <0.001 |
| rMAangle | 72.981 (72.858–73.103) | 73.785 (73.625–73.946) | <0.001 |
| rMAasymmetry | 0.851 (0.850–0.852) | 0.860 (0.858–0.861) | <0.001 |
| rMVasymmetry | 0.748 (0.746–0.749) | 0.761 (0.759–0.762) | <0.001 |
| rTortuosity | 0.358 (0.354–0.361) | 0.318 (0.314–0.322) | <0.001 |
| rNipping | 0.339 (0.334–0.344) | 0.266 (0.261–0.270) | <0.001 |
| rHemorrhage | 0.312 (0.307–0.316) | 0.298 (0.291–0.304) | 0.001 |
| rAocclusion | 0.083 (0.081–0.086) | 0.072 (0.067–0.077) | <0.001 |
| rExudates | 0.234 (0.229–0.238) | 0.238 (0.232–0.243) | 0.272 |
| rAVR | 0.640 (0.639–0.641) | 0.627 (0.625–0.628) | <0.001 |
lCRVE means left eye retinal characteristics and rCRAE means right eye retinal characteristics. Others are defined similarly.
AVR, arteriole to venule ratio; CRAE, central retinal artery equivalent; CRVE, central retinal vein equivalent; MAangle, mean of the bifurcation angles of arterioles; MAasymmetry, mean of asymmetry index of arterioles; MBCA, mean of the bifurcation coefficient of arterioles; MBCV, mean of the bifurcation coefficient of venules; MVangle, mean of the bifurcation angles of venules; MVasymmetry, mean of asymmetry index of venules.