Associations between urinary MCP-1 or HPSE-1 levels and albumin:creatinine ratio stratified by ethnicity
| Unadjusted difference (95% CI) | Model 1 difference (95% CI) | Model 2 difference (95% CI) | Model 3 difference (95% CI) | Model 4 difference (95% CI) | |
| Log MCP-1 (ng/mmol) | |||||
| Dutch | 0.73 (−0.02 to 1.47) | 0.73 (−0.02 to 1.48) | 0.70 (−0.12 to 1.53) | 0.77 (−0.04 to 1.58) | 0.77 (−0.05 to 1.59) |
| South-Asian Surinamese | 1.40 (0.94 to 1.86) p<0.001 | 1.42 (0.94 to 1.86) p<0.001 | 1.35 (0.86 to 1.83) p<0.001 | 1.02 (0.54 to 1.50) p<0.001 | 1.03 (0.58 to 1.47) p<0.001 |
| African Surinamese | 1.11 (0.45 to 1.78) p=0.001 | 1.14 (0.95 to 1.88) p=0.001 | 1.19 (0.34 to 2.03) p=0.001 | 1.25 (0.55 to 1.95) p=0.001 | 1.23 (0.52 to 1.94) p=0.001 |
| Ghanaian | 0.67 (0.20 to 1.14) p=0.01 | 0.67 (0.22 to 1.11) p=0.004 | 0.22 (−0.24 to 0.69) | 0.24 (−0.23 to 0.70) | 0.22 (−0.24 to 0.68) |
| Turkish | 0.91 (0.23 to 1.59) p=0.01 | 0.88 (0.19 to 1.56) p=0.01 | 0.81 (0.14 to 1.49) p=0.02 | 0.87 (0.21 to 1.53) p=0.01 | 0.87 (0.27 to 1.47) p=0.01 |
| Moroccan | 0.70 (0.26 to 1.15) p=0.002 | 0.64 (0.18 to 1.10) p=0.01 | 0.64 (0.17 to 1.11) p=0.01 | 0.63 (0.18 to 1.08) p=0.01 | 0.64 (0.22 to 1.07) p=0.004 |
| Log HPSE-1 (mU/mmol) | |||||
| Dutch | 0.42 (0.10 to 0.74) p=0.01 | 0.43 (0.10 to 0.74) p=0.01 | 0.42 (0.03 to 0.77) p=0.02 | 0.40 (0.05 to 0.76) p=0.03 | 0.40 (0.04 to 0.76) p=0.03 |
| South-Asian Surinamese | 0.20 (−0.28 to 0.69) | 0.18 (−0.30 to 0.67) | 0.31 (−0.20 to 0.83) | 0.30 (−0.16 to 0.75) | 0.30 (−0.13 to 0.73) |
| African Surinamese | −0.04 (−0.57 to 0.50) | −0.03 (−0.58 to 0.51) | 0.08 (−0.63 to 0.78) | 0.54 (−0.07 to 1.16) | 0.54 (−0.08 to 1.15) |
| Ghanaian | 0.30 (−0.09 to 0.69) | 0.22 (−0.16 to 0.60) | 0.08 (−0.27 to 0.43) | 0.08 (−0.27 to 0.43) | 0.10 (−0.25 to 0.44) |
| Turkish | 0.13 (−0.42 to 0.68) | 0.11 (−0.44 to 0.66) | −0.06 (−0.68 to 0.56) | 0.10 (−0.56 to 0.75) | −0.25 (−0.88 to 0.38) |
| Moroccan | 0.15 (−0.19 to 0.50) | 0.12 (−0.22 to 0.47) | 0.18 (−0.21 to 0.57) | 0.21 (−0.16 to 0.58) | 0.23 (−0.13 to 0.58) |
Linear regression analyses, p<0.05 is considered statistically significant.
Model 1: age and sex.
Model 2: +duration of diabetes, BMI, current smoking, hypertension, HbA1c and total cholesterol.
Model 3: +eGFR.
Model 4: +use of RAAS inhibitors.
ACR, albumin:creatinine ratio; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HPSE-1, heparanase; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.