Ethnic differences in urinary MCP-1 and HPSE-1 levels
| Unadjusted difference (95% CI) | Model 1 difference (95% CI) | Model 2 difference (95% CI) | Model 3 difference (95% CI) | Model 4 difference (95% CI) | |
| Log MCP-1 (ng/mmol) | |||||
| Dutch (reference) | |||||
| South-Asian Surinamese | 0.11 (0.02 to 0.20) | 0.12 (0.02 to 0.21) | 0.11 (0.01 to 0.21) | 0.04 (−0.06 to 0.14) | 0.04 (−0.06 to 0.14) |
| African Surinamese | 0.01 (−0.09 to 0.11) | 0.02 (−0.08 to 0.12) | 0.01 (−0.10 to 0.11) | −0.01 (−0.12 to 0.08) | −0.01 (−0.11 to 0.09) |
| Ghanaian | −0.04 (−0.14 to 0.06) | −0.02 (−0.13 to 0.09) | −0.01 (−0.13 to 0.11) | −0.02 (−0.13 to 0.09) | −0.01 (−0.13 to 0.10) |
| Turkish | 0.03 (−0.07 to 0.13) | 0.05 (−0.06 to 0.15) | −0.004 (−0.12 to 0.11) | −0.01 (−0.13 to 0.10) | −0.01 (−0.12 to 0.10) |
| Moroccan | 0.12 (0.03 to 0.22) | 0.14 (0.04 to 0.24) | 0.16 (0.05 to 0.27) | 0.15 (0.05 to 0.26) | 0.15 (0.05 to 0.26) |
| Log HPSE-1 (mU/mmol) | |||||
| Dutch (reference) | |||||
| South-Asian Surinamese | −0.04 (−0.16 to 0.08) | −0.03 (−0.15 to 0.09) | −0.10 (−0.23 to 0.03) | −0.11 (−0.24 to 0.02) | −0.11 (−0.24 to 0.02) |
| African Surinamese | −0.08 (−0.21 to 0.04) | −0.08 (−0.21 to 0.05) | −0.18 (−0.31 to −0.04) | −0.16 (−0.29 to −0.02) | −0.16 (−0.29 to −0.02) |
| Ghanaian | −0.12 (−0.25 to 0.02) | −0.11 (−0.25 to 0.03) | −0.19 (−0.34 to −0.04) | −0.16 (−0.31 to −0.00) | −0.16 (−0.31 to −0.00) |
| Turkish | 0.11 (−0.02 to 0.24) | 0.12 (−0.02 to 0.26) | 0.06 (−0.09 to 0.20) | 0.05 (−0.09 to 0.19) | 0.05 (−0.09 to 0.20) |
| Moroccan | 0.11 (−0.01 to 0.24) | 0.12 (−0.01 to 0.25) | 0.13 (−0.00 to 0.27) | 0.12 (−0.02 to 0.25) | 0.12 (−0.02 to 0.26) |
Linear regression analyses with Dutch as reference group, p<0.05 is considered statistically significant model 1: age and sex.
Model 2: +duration of diabetes, BMI, current smoking, hypertension, HbA1c and total cholesterol.
Model 3: +eGFR and ACR.
Model 4: +use of RAAS inhibitors.
Bold means p<0.05 compared to the reference group.
ACR, albumin:creatinine ratio; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HPSE-1, heparanase-1; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.