Baseline characteristics at diagnosis of the study patients divided by clusters
| Cluster 1 SIDD (n=134) | Cluster 2 MSD (n=85) | Cluster 3 MOD (n=168) | Cluster 4 MARD (n=334) | P value | |
| Female (%) | 50.0 | 55.3 | 64.9 | 60.5 | 0.05 |
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 53.2±8.7 | 49.7±10.3 | 40.9±7.7 | 60.6±7.3 | <0.001 |
| Baseline BMI (kg/m2) | 24.3±3.6 | 27.3±4.0 | 32.0±6.6 | 26.3±4.1 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c at diagnosis (%) | 12.6±2.1 | 9.2±2.3 | 8.3±1.8 | 7.1±1.1 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c at diagnosis (mmol/mol) | 114±23 | 77±25 | 67±19 | 54±12 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 133.1±49.9 | 380.5±102.9 | 153.9±53.8 | 143.4±56.4 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 50.9±13.9 | 39.9±9.5 | 44.9±11.8 | 54.8±13.4 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 130.7±19.8 | 139.0±19.0 | 135.1±16.1 | 134.9±16.4 | 0.01 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 79.1±12.1 | 85.6±12.7 | 84.6±11.6 | 78.4±11.6 | <0.001 |
| eGFR at diagnosis (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 100.3±15.8 | 99.1±18.7 | 107.1±15.9 | 86.2±18.0 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol (%) | 20.9 | 18.8 | 21.4 | 13.2 | 0.05 |
| Current smoker (%) | 10.4 | 3.5 | 10.1 | 3.9 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 32.8 | 50.6 | 47.6 | 59.6 | <0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MARD, mild age-related diabetes; MOD, mild obesity-related diabetes; MSD, metabolic syndrome diabetes; SIDD, severe insulin-deficient diabetes.