Attribute | Levels | The Netherlands | Poland | |||||
Estimate | SE | P sig. | Estimate | SE | P sig. | |||
Precision compared with finger pricking | Accurate as finger pricking (ref) | Mean | 0.343 | 0.075 | *** | 0.457 | 0.071 | *** |
SD | ||||||||
±0.3 mmol/L | Mean | 0.000 | 0.061 | −0.081 | 0.051 | |||
SD | 0.036 | 0.101 | 0.047 | 0.112 | ||||
±0.6 mmol/L | Mean | −0.343 | 0.079 | *** | −0.376 | 0.073 | *** | |
SD | 0.536 | 0.093 | *** | 0.655 | 0.082 | *** | ||
Average number of finger pricks per day | 0 times per day (ref) | Mean | 0.352 | 0.059 | *** | 0.172 | 0.044 | *** |
SD | ||||||||
2 times per day | Mean | −0.352 | 0.059 | *** | −0.172 | 0.044 | *** | |
SD | 0.479 | 0.070 | *** | 0.349 | 0.059 | *** | ||
Effort to check | Low (ref) | Mean | 0.120 | 0.039 | ** | 0.042 | 0.033 | |
SD | ||||||||
Moderate | Mean | −0.120 | 0.039 | ** | −0.042 | 0.033 | ||
SD | ||||||||
Probability of getting skin irritation or redness | 5% (ref) | Mean | 0.336 | 0.076 | *** | 0.377 | 0.064 | *** |
SD | ||||||||
20% | Mean | −0.059 | 0.066 | −0.018 | 0.059 | |||
SD | 0.061 | 0.127 | 0.015 | 0.166 | ||||
35% | Mean | −0.277 | 0.076 | *** | −0.359 | 0.066 | ||
SD | 0.450 | 0.097 | *** | 0.402 | 0.084 | *** | ||
Monthly costs | per €1 increase | Mean | −0.017 | 0.002 | *** | −0.016 | 0.001 | *** |
SD | 0.015 | 0.001 | *** | 0.019 | 0.001 | *** | ||
Glucose information | Current glucose level only (ref) | Mean | −0.142 | 0.063 | * | −0.056 | 0.054 | |
SD | ||||||||
Current glucose level with arrow | Mean | 0.068 | 0.063 | 0.004 | 0.055 | |||
SD | ||||||||
Current glucose level with daily trendline | Mean | 0.074 | 0.063 | 0.052 | 0.053 | |||
SD | ||||||||
Alarms | Yes (ref) | Mean | 0.152 | 0.044 | *** | 0.148 | 0.035 | *** |
SD | ||||||||
No | Mean | −0.152 | 0.044 | *** | −0.148 | 0.035 | *** | |
SD | 0.252 | 0.076 | *** | 0.151 | 0.063 | * | ||
Alternative specific constant for device instead of finger-prick test | Mean | −0.982 | 0.502 | −2.770 | 0.336 | *** | ||
SD | 4.527 | 0.386 | *** | 4.767 | 0.371 | *** | ||
Alternative specific constant indicating left–right bias | Mean | 0.376 | 0.085 | *** | 0.346 | 0.074 | *** | |
SD | 0.446 | 0.140 | *** | 0.540 | 0.098 | *** |
Higher estimates represent increasing levels of importance for the patient in choosing a device.
All attributes were effects-coded, enabling the direct comparison of the estimates. The sum of the effect coded attributes is zero, and therefore the coefficient of the reference category can be easily calculated, and the relative importance of the reference categories of the attributes can be compared with one another, and so that the alternative specific constants have independent interpretation signifying the average utility for that alternative. SDs are given where parameters were found to have a significant random parameter estimate. The significant alternative specific constant indicates that patients tended to choose the alternative on the left side. A normal distribution using 1000 Halton draws was used in model development.
*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.
ref, reference level; SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error.