Baseline characteristics of ccCHiP clinic population by diabetes status
| Characteristic | ccCHiP clinic | No diabetes | Diabetes | P value* |
| N=1402 | N=1080 | N=322 | ||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Age group (years) | ||||
| 18–24 | 125 (8.9) | 117 (10.8) | 8 (2.5) | <0.001 |
| 25–34 | 209 (14.9) | 180 (16.7) | 29 (9.0) | |
| 35–44 | 343 (24.5) | 267 (24.7) | 76 (23.6) | |
| 45–54 | 394 (28.1) | 292 (27.1) | 102 (31.7) | |
| 55–64 | 271 (19.3) | 185 (17.1) | 86 (26.7) | |
| >64 | 60 (4.3) | 39 (3.6) | 21 (6.5) | |
| Gender | 0.238 | |||
| Male | 884 (63.1) | 672 (62.2) | 212 (65.8) | |
| Female | 518 (36.9) | 408 (37.8) | 110 (34.2) | |
| Psychiatric diagnosis† | <0.001 | |||
| Schizophrenia | 888 (63.5) | 654 (60.7) | 234 (72.9) | |
| Schizoaffective disorder | 135 (9.6) | 104 (9.7) | 31 (9.7) | |
| Bipolar disorder | 170 (12.2) | 141 (13.0) | 29 (9.0) | |
| Depression | 56 (4.0) | 43 (4.0) | 13 (4.0) | |
| Other psychosis | 104 (7.4) | 96 (8.9) | 8 (2.5) | |
| Other ICD-10 diagnosis | 46 (3.3) | 40 (3.7) | 6 (1.9) | |
| Antipsychotic use | <0.001 | |||
| Clozapine±other antipsychotic | 369 (26.3) | 256 (23.7) | 113 (35.1) | |
| Olanzapine±other antipsychotic | 254 (18.1) | 218 (20.2) | 36 (11.2) | |
| Other antipsychotic only | 667 (47.6) | 515 (47.7) | 152 (47.2) | |
| No antipsychotic medication | 112 (8.0) | 91 (8.4) | 21 (6.5) | |
| Fasting blood glucose level (mmol/L)† | <0.001 | |||
| 810 (61.2) | 762 (74.6) | 48 (15.8) | |
| 318 (24.0) | 259 (25.4) | 59 (19.5) | |
| 196 (14.8) | 0 | 196 (64.7) | |
| HbA1c (%)† | <0.001 | |||
| 820 (76.1) | 747 (94.8) | 73 (25.3) | |
| 82 (7.6) | 41 (5.2) | 41 (14.2) | |
| 175 (16.2) | 0 | 175 (60.5) | |
| Hypertension | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 450 (32.1) | 281 (26.0) | 169 (52.5) | |
| No | 952 (67.9) | 799 (74.0) | 153 (47.5) | |
| Dyslipidemia | 0.07 | |||
| Yes | 1295 (92.4) | 990 (91.7) | 305 (94.7) | |
| No | 107 (7.6) | 90 (8.3) | 17 (5.3) | |
| Abdominal circumference† | ||||
| Normal | 176 (14.2) | 164 (17.1) | 12 (4.3) | <0.001 |
| Abnormal | 1063 (85.8) | 797 (82.9) | 266 (95.7) | |
| Waist:height ratio† | ||||
| Normal | 173 (13.8) | 163 (16.8) | 10 (3.5) | <0.001 |
| Abnormal | 1083 (86.2) | 808 (83.2) | 275 (96.5) | |
| BMI† | <0.001 | |||
| Normal | 209 (16.5) | 192 (19.7) | 17 (5.9) | |
| Overweight | 331 (26.2) | 270 (27.7) | 61 (21.1) | |
| Obese | 724 (57.3) | 513 (52.6) | 211 (73.0) | |
| Smoking status† | 0.527 | |||
| Never | 454 (33.2) | 357 (33.8) | 97 (31.4) | |
| Previous | 226 (16.5) | 169 (16.0) | 57 (18.4) | |
| Current | 686 (50.2) | 531 (50.2) | 155 (50.2) | |
| Alcohol consumption level† | 0.001 | |||
| Low risk | 1206 (87.0) | 910 (85.4) | 296 (92.5) | |
| Risky | 30 (2.2) | 23 (2.2) | 7 (2.2) | |
| High risk | 150 (10.8) | 133 (12.4) | 17 (5.3) | |
| Father’s ethnicity† | 0.015 | |||
| Mediterranean/Caucasian/white | 856 (64.6) | 674 (65.8) | 182 (60.5) | |
| African–American | 13 (1.0) | 9 (0.9) | 4 (1.3) | |
| Pacific Islander | 51 (3.8) | 37 (3.6) | 14 (4.7) | |
| Middle Eastern | 82 (6.2) | 56 (5.4) | 26 (8.6) | |
| Asian/Southeast Asian | 230 (17.3) | 184 (17.9) | 46 (15.3) | |
| Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander | 29 (2.2) | 20 (2.0) | 9 (3.0) | |
| Indian subcontinent | 37 (2.8) | 21 (2.1) | 16 (5.3) | |
| Other high-risk | 28 (2.1) | 24 (2.3) | 4 (1.3) | |
| Mother’s ethnicity† | <0.001 | |||
| Mediterranean/Caucasian/white | 839 (63.0) | 665 (64.6) | 174 (57.6) | |
| African–American | 12 (0.9) | 8 (0.8) | 4 (1.3) | |
| Pacific Islander | 57 (4.3) | 42 (4.1) | 15 (5.0) | |
| Middle Eastern | 74 (5.6) | 50 (4.8) | 24 (7.9) | |
| Asian/Southeast Asian | 242 (18.2) | 192 (18.7) | 50 (16.6) | |
| Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander | 38 (2.9) | 20 (1.9) | 18 (6.0) | |
| Indian subcontinent | 37 (2.8) | 23 (2.2) | 14 (4.6) | |
| Other high-risk | 32 (2.4) | 29 (2.8) | 3 (1.0) | |
| Marital status† | 0.395 | |||
| Single | 936 (67.0) | 732 (68.1) | 204 (63.3) | |
| Defacto | 48 (3.4) | 39 (3.6) | 9 (2.8) | |
| Married | 87 (6.2) | 62 (5.8) | 25 (7.8) | |
| Separated/divorced | 210 (15.0) | 159 (14.8) | 51 (15.8) | |
| Widowed | 22 (1.6) | 15 (1.4) | 7 (2.2) | |
| Unknown | 94 (6.7) | 68 (6.3) | 26 (8.1) | |
| Living arrangements† | 0.056 | |||
| Alone | 438 (32.9) | 323 (31.4) | 115 (38.1) | |
| Spouse/de facto | 128 (9.6) | 98 (9.5) | 30 (9.9) | |
| Parents or siblings | 375 (28.2) | 309 (30.1) | 66 (21.9) | |
| Other family member | 59 (4.4) | 47 (4.6) | 12 (4.0) | |
| Group of others | 49 (3.7) | 34 (3.3) | 15 (5.0) | |
| One other (not family) | 46 (3.5) | 35 (3.4) | 11 (3.6) | |
| Long term hospital | 11 (0.8) | 10 (1.0) | 1 (0.3) | |
| Supported accommodation | 72 (5.4) | 50 (4.8) | 22 (7.3) | |
| Boarding house | 152 (11.4) | 122 (11.9) | 30 (9.9) | |
| Educational level† | 0.002 | |||
| Primary | 42 (3.2) | 29 (2.8) | 13 (4.4) | |
| Secondary | 676 (51.3) | 497 (48.7) | 179 (60.1) | |
| Postsecondary | 266 (20.2) | 216 (21.2) | 50 (16.7) | |
| Tertiary | 289 (21.9) | 242 (23.7) | 47 (15.8) | |
| Unknown | 46 (3.5) | 37 (3.6) | 9 (3.0) | |
| Exercise level† | <0.001 | |||
| Sedentary | 503 (38.0) | 363 (35.6) | 140 (46.4) | |
| Minimal exercise | 270 (20.4) | 210 (20.6) | 60 (19.9) | |
| Lightly active | 385 (29.1) | 306 (30.0) | 79 (26.2) | |
| Moderately active | 150 (11.3) | 127 (12.5) | 23 (7.6) | |
| Very/extra active | 14 (1.1) | 14 (1.3) | 0 |
*P values are derived from the Pearson’s χ2 test comparing the distribution of ‘diabetes’ and ‘no diabetes’ groups.
†Number not equal to 1402.
BMI, body nass index; ccCHiP, Collaborative Centre for Cardiometabolic Health in Psychosis; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases.