Characteristics of observational studies included in meta-analysis on the association between arterial stiffness and neuropathy
| Study | Study design | Neuropathy | Diabetes | Arterial stiffness | Arterial stiffness and neuropathy association, p<0.05 | |
| Type | Type | Measure(s) | No adjustments | Adjustments for age, sex, diabetes, duration, and/or SBP | ||
| Aso 200329 | CS | CAN | 2 | PWV, cf | X | – |
| PN | PWV, cf | X | – | |||
| Avci 201430 | CS | PN | 2 | PP | X | – |
| PWV, central | ✓ | X | ||||
| Cabezas-Cerrato 200931 | CS | CAN | 1&2 | PP | ✓ | – |
| Cardoso 201433 | CS | CAN | 2 | PP | X | – |
| PWV, cf | X | X | ||||
| Chen 201534 | CS | PN | 2 | PP | ✓ | – |
| PWV, cf | ✓ | – | ||||
| Cho 200635 | CS | PN | DM | PP | X | – |
| No DM | PP | X | – | |||
| Edmonds 198237 | CC | PN | 1 | PWV, femoral-tibial | ✓ | – |
| Fleischer 201438 | CS | CAN | 1 | PP | ✓ | – |
| 2 | PP | ✓ | – | |||
| Ha 201239 | CS | PN | 2 | PP | ✓ | – |
| PWV, ba | ✓ | X | ||||
| Jarmuzewska 200541 | CS | PN | 2 | PP | ✓ | – |
| Jung 201442 | CS | PN | 2 | PP | X | – |
| Kuo 202046 | CS | PN | DM & no DM | PWV, ba | ✓ | ✓ |
| Laptev 201547 | CS | CAN | 1 | AIx | X | – |
| PWV, ba | ✓ | – | ||||
| Matsuto 199852 | CS | PN | DM | PWV, central | X | – |
| Mogensen 201253 | CS | CAN | 1 | PP | ✓ | – |
| Moon 201055 | CS | CAN | 2 | PP | ✓ | – |
| Moţăţăianu 201857 | CS | CAN | 1 | PP | X | – |
| 2 | PP | X | – | |||
| Nguyen 201359 | CS | PN | 2 | PP | ✓ | – |
| Ohisa 200660 | CS | CAN | 2 | PP | ✓ | – |
| PWV, ba | ✓ | – | ||||
| Okada 199261 | CS | PN | DM | PWV, aortic | X | – |
| Pek 2015*62 | CS | PN | 2 | PWV, cf | ✓ | ✓ |
| Philips 201263 | CC | CAN | 1 | PP | – | X |
| Philips 201764 | CS | CAN | 2 | PP | X | – |
| Refaie 201465 | CS | CAN | 2 | PP | – | ✓ |
| Sacre 201266 | CS | CAN | 2 | AIx | ✓ | X |
| PWV, aortic | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Salvotelli 201567 | CS | PN | 2 | PP | ✓ | X |
| Scarpello 198068 | CC | PN | DM | PWV, lower limb | ✓ | – |
| Secrest 201169 | CS | CAN | 1 | AIx | ✓ | X |
| PP | ✓ | – | ||||
| Serhiyenko 201370 | CC | CAN | 2 | AIx | ✓ | – |
| Shah 201971 | CS | CAN | 2 | AIx | X | – |
| PWV, cf | ✓ | – | ||||
| Shi 201272 | CC | PN | 2 | PWV, carotid | ✓ | – |
| Suh 201073 | CS | PN | 1&2 | PWV, ba | X | – |
| Szczyrba 201574 | CS | PN | 1 | PWV, cf | X | – |
| Tanaka 201875 | CS | PN | 2 | PP | – | ✓ |
| PWV, ba | – | ✓ | ||||
| Tentolouris 201776 | CS | PN | 2 | PP | ✓ | – |
| PWV, cf | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Teoh 2011*77 | CS | PN | 2 | PWV, carotid-radial | ✓ | X |
| Wu 201479 | CS | CAN | 2 | PWV, ba | ✓ | ✓ |
| Yan 202080 | CS | PN | 2 | PP | X | – |
| Yang 201481 | CS | PN | 2 | PWV, ba | ✓ | X |
| Yeboah 201882 | CS | PN | 2 | PP | ✓ | X |
| Yokoyama 200783 | CS | CAN | 2 | PP | ✓ | – |
| PWV, ba | ✓ | – | ||||
| PN | PP | ✓ | – | |||
| PWV, ba | ✓ | – | ||||
| ZZhao 2021 (reference 84) | CS | PN | 2 | PP | ✓ | – |
| Zoppini 201585 | CS | CAN | 2 | PP | X | X |
✓ association found between arterial stiffness and neuropathyx no association found between arterial stiffness and neuropathy; - not reported.
*only reported by way of abstract; values included in meta-analysis do not control for age, sex, diabetes duration or SBP, other than those that included participants of one sex.65 75
1, type 1 diabetes; 2, type 2 diabetes; AIx, augmentation index; ba, brachial-ankle; CAN, cardiac autonomic neuropathy; CC, case-control; cf, carotid-femoral; CS, cross-sectional; DM, diabetes mellitus; PN, peripheral neuropathy; PP, pulse pressure; PWV, pulse wave velocity; SBP, systolic blood pressure.