Characteristics of included studies that examined KAP toward pre-diabetes among healthcare providers
| First author | Study setting and collection period | Mean age (SD) | Sample size | Women, n (%) | KAP element reported (K/A/P) | Response rate |
| Tseng, 201721 (USA) | Academic medical center (doctors, nurses, and doctors’ assistants), 2015 | ND | 140 | 99 (72.8) | K/A/P | 89.7% |
| Inaku, 202122 (Nigeria) | Four government-owned tertiary hospitals (doctors), ND | ND | 358 | 130 (36.3) | K/A/P | 87.3% |
| Basavareddy, 201523 (India) | Academic practice, primary care, and secondary care (doctors), April 2014–August 2014 | ND | 122 | ND | K/A/P | 81.30% |
| Keck, 201924 (USA) | Academic family medicine clinic (doctors and nurses), February 2018 | ND | 31 | 19 (61.3) | K/A/P | 67.39% |
| Mainous III, 201625 (USA) | Physicians from Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research Alliance (doctors), February 2016–March 2016 | 40–49 (range) | 1248 | 619 (49.6) | A/P | 34.65% |
| Tseng, 201826 (USA) | Primary care providers from American Medical Association (doctors), October 2017–January 2018 | above 60 years old (n=99) | 298 | 29 (30.2) | K/A/P | 33.56% |
| Franch-Nadal, 202027 (Spain) | Primary care providers (doctors and pharmacists) | Physicians: 23.4 (8.32) Pharmacists: 45.26 (10.26) | 803 Physicians: 410 Pharmacists: 393 | 419 (52.2%) | K/A/P | 89.72% |
| Montee, 202128 (France) | Primary care providers (doctors) | 49 (11) | 121 | 57 (47.1%) | K/A/P | 18.10% |
| Hulbert, 202129 (USA) | Providers from individual, group, or hospital practice (nurses, doctors, pharmacists, and internists) | 45–54 (range) | 1503 | 682 (45.4%) | K/A/P | 43.38% |
| Shimpi, 202130 (USA) | Primary care providers (dentists) | 50.1 (12) | 854 | 593 (69.4%) | K/A/P | 11.61% |
| Saleh, 202131 (Sudan) | Primary care providers (doctors) | 34 (median) | 189 | 149 (79%) | K/A/P | 94.5% |
| Montee, 202128 (France) | Primary care providers (doctors) | 49 (11) | 121 | 57 (47.1%) | K/A/P | 18.10% |
| Ross, 202133 (USA) | Primary care providers (physical therapists) | 52.8 (11.5) range 26–75 | 63 | 29 (47) | K/A/P | 6.30% |
| Aljehani, 202234 (Saudi Arabia) | Primary care providers (doctors) | ND | 155 | 79 (51) | K/A/P | ND |
K, Knowledge; A, Attitude; P, Practice; ND, no data.