Demographic, lifestyle and clinical characteristics of subjects by NAFLD and cancer in 233 patients with T2DM
| Variables | NAFLD | All cancer | Total | ||||
| No | Yes | P value | No | Yes | P value | ||
| Demographics | |||||||
| N (%) | 149 (63.9%) | 84 (36.1%) | 214 (91.8%) | 19 (8.2%) | 233 (100.0%) | ||
| Female sex (n, %) | 49 (32.9%) | 46 (54.8%) | 0.001† | 82 (38.3%) | 13 (68.4%) | 0.010* | 95 (40.8%) |
| Age (years) | 57.6±11.6 | 57.8±12.4 | 0.909 | 57.3±11.9 | 61.6±10.2 | 0.129 | 57.6±11.8 |
| Ever smoking (n, %) | 63 (42.3%) | 20 (23.8%) | 0.005† | 78 (36.5%) | 5 (26.3%) | 0.377 | 83 (35.6%) |
| Ever drinking (n, %) | 57 (38.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | <0.001‡ | 55 (25.7%) | 2 (10.5%) | 0.140 | 57 (24.5%) |
| Clinical characteristics | |||||||
| Weight (kg) | 66.2±12.9 | 71.4±11.8 | 0.003† | 68.5±12.9 | 63.1±9.2 | 0.079 | 68.0±12.7 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.9±3.3 | 26.6±3.4 | <0.001‡ | 24.9±3.6 | 24.4±2.9 | 0.502 | 24.9±3.6 |
| BMI category (kg/m2, n (%)) | <0.001‡ | 0.258 | |||||
| Underweight or normal weight (<23.0) | 65 (43.6%) | 9 (10.7%) | 69 (32.2%) | 5 (26.3%) | 74 (31.8%) | ||
| Overweight (23.0–24.9) | 27 (18.1%) | 24 (28.6%) | 44 (20.6%) | 7 (36.8%) | 51 (21.9%) | ||
| Obesity (≥25.0) | 57 (38.3%) | 51 (60.7%) | 101 (47.2%) | 7 (36.8%) | 108 (46.4%) | ||
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 130.5±16.0 | 132.3±17.4 | 0.425 | 131.0±16.1 | 133.8±21.0 | 0.467 | 131.2±16.5 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 81.5±10.0 | 82.7±10.1 | 0.388 | 81.9±10.1 | 82.6±9.9 | 0.765 | 82.0±10.0 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.66±1.08 | 2.66±3.25 | <0.001‡ | 2.03±2.26 | 1.90±1.04 | 0.810 | 2.02±2.18 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.44±1.11 | 4.79±2.14 | 0.107 | 4.57±1.62 | 4.46±0.86 | 0.765 | 4.57±1.57 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.18±0.34 | 1.02±0.26 | <0.001‡ | 1.12±0.33 | 1.07±0.25 | 0.503 | 1.12±0.32 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.56±0.99 | 2.50±1.01 | 0.651 | 2.54±1.01 | 2.57±0.75 | 0.892 | 2.54±0.99 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 8.05±2.61 | 8.97±3.67 | 0.028* | 8.35±3.07 | 8.68±2.92 | 0.655 | 8.38±3.06 |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.04±2.35 | 9.36±2.23 | 0.317 | 9.20±2.36 | 8.73±1.63 | 0.401 | 9.16±2.31 |
| Blood uric acid (mmol/L) | 333.9±87.7 | 382.7±105.9 | <0.001‡ | 352.2±98.2 | 344.8±89.2 | 0.753 | 351.6±97.3 |
| Diabetes treatment ((%)) | |||||||
| Biguanides | 76 (51.0%) | 43 (51.2%) | 0.979 | 109 (50.9%) | 10 (52.6%) | 0.887 | 119 (51.1%) |
| Glycosidase inhibitor | 39 (26.2%) | 17 (20.2%) | 0.309 | 52 (24.3%) | 4 (21.1%) | 0.751 | 56 (24.0%) |
| Sulfonylureas | 47 (31.5%) | 31 (36.9%) | 0.405 | 70 (32.7%) | 8 (42.1%) | 0.406 | 78 (33.5%) |
| TZD | 7 (4.7%) | 9 (10.7%) | 0.081 | 15 (7.0%) | 1 (5.3%) | 0.773 | 16 (6.9%) |
| Glinides | 14 (9.4%) | 8 (9.5%) | 0.974 | 22 (10.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.142 | 22 (9.4%) |
| GLP-1 agonists | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.452 | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.765 | 1 (0.4%) |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | 32 (21.5%) | 17 (20.2%) | 0.824 | 44 (20.6%) | 5 (26.3%) | 0.555 | 49 (21.0%) |
| SGLT-2 inhibitors | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.452 | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.765 | 1 (0.4%) |
| Oral hypoglycemic medications use | 114 (76.5%) | 61 (72.6%) | 0.510 | 161 (75.2%) | 14 (73.7%) | 0.881 | 175 (75.1%) |
| Insulin use | 52 (34.9%) | 20 (23.8%) | 0.079 | 70 (32.7%) | 2 (10.5%) | 0.045* | 72 (30.9%) |
| NAFLD | … | … | … | 71 (33.2%) | 13 (68.4%) | 0.002† | 84 (36.1%) |
| FIB-4 score | 1.11±0.55 | 1.20±0.80 | 0.323 | 1.14±0.67 | 1.24±0.49 | 0.494 | 1.15±0.65 |
| FIB-4 score category (n (%)) | 0.102 | 0.881 | |||||
| ≤3.25 | 148 (99.3%) | 81 (96.4%) | 210 (98.1%) | 19 (100.0%) | 229 (98.3%) | ||
| >3.25 | 1 (0.7%) | 3 (3.6%) | 4 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (1.7%) | ||
| All cancer | 6 (4.0%) | 13 (15.5%) | 0.002† | … | … | … | 19 (8.2%) |
All percentages are column percentage; except for percentages, all values are mean±SD.
*P<0.05.
†P<0.01.
‡P<0.001.
BMI, body mass index; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase 4; FIB-4, fibrosis-4; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; SGLT-2, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; TZD, thiazolidinediones.