Characteristics of included trials (n=27) ordered chronologically
| Trial | Participants (number of participants proportion of male(%), mean age) | Geography location | Setting | Outcomes can be retrieved |
| Whitlock, 200038 | 28 (39.29%), 60.3 | USA | Hospital | HbA1c |
| Oh et al, 200330 | 50 (36.00%), 60.6 | South Korea | Hospital | HbA1c, BMI |
| Kim et al, 200319 | 36 (30.56%), 60.4 | South Korea | Hospital | HbA1c, |
| Shea et al, 200523 | 1665 (37.18%), 70.8 | USA | Primary care | HbA1c, SBP, DBP, LDL-cholesterol |
| RodrÃguez-IdÃgoras, 200937 | 328 (51.52%), 63.9 | Spain | Hospital | HbA1c, SBP, DBP |
| Dale et al, 200935 | 231 (34.20%), 61.2 | UK | Primary care | HbA1c, distress, self-efficacy |
| Song et al, 200924 | 49 (42.86%), 50.3 | South Korea | Hospital | HbA1c |
| Eakin et al, 200932 | 434 (38.94%), 58.3 | Australia | Primary care | HbA1c |
| Huizinga et al, 201040 | 164 (56.10%), 55.1 | USA | Primary care | HbA1c |
| Anderson et al, 201014 | 211 (42.03%), NA | USA | Primary care | HbA1c, BMI, SBP, DBP, LDL-cholesterol,depression |
| Nesari et al, 201021 | 61 (27.87%), 51.4 | Iran | Hospital | HbA1c, medication adherence |
| Walker et al, 201131 | 527 (32.83%), 55.5 | USA | Hospital | HbA1c |
| Blackberry et al, 201316 | 473 (56.87%), 62.7 | Australia | Primary care | HbA1c, SBP, DBP, LDL-cholesterol, quality of life,depression |
| Mons et al, 201320 | 204 (61.27%), 67.5 | Germany | Primary care | HbA1c, SBP, DBP |
| Liou et al, 201439 | 95 (50.53%), 56.8 | China | Primary care | HbA1c, BMI, SBP, DBP, LDL-cholesterol |
| Eakin et al, 201433 | 302 (43.71%), 58.0 | Australia | Primary care | HbA1c, SBP, DBP |
| Rasmussen BSB et al, 201536 | 40 (67.50%), 62.8 | Denmark | Hospital | HbA1c, SBP, DBP |
| O'Connor, 201434 | 2378 (47.94%), 61.9 | USA | Primary care | HbA1c, SBP, LDL-cholesterol |
| Rasmussen OW et al, 201622 | 374 (74.87%), 66.8 | Denmark | Hospital | HbA1c |
| Hansen et al, 201718 | 165 (64.24%), 58.0 | Denmark | Hospital | HbA1c, SBP, DBP, quality of life |
| Jeong et al, 201827 | 225 (45.27%), 52.8 | South Korea | Hospital | HbA1c, BMI, SBP, DBP, medication adherence |
| Egede et al, 201826 | 90 (97.78%), 63.1 | USA | Primary care | HbA1c, |
| Crowley et al, 201317 | 359 (43.45%), 56.5 | USA | Primary care | HbA1c, SBP, LDL-cholesterol |
| Benson et al, 201929 | 118 (55.08%), 59.9 | USA | Primary care | HbA1c, BMI, LDL-cholesterol |
| Lauffenburger et al, 201928 | 1400 (64.71%), 54.8 | USA | Hospital | HbA1c, medication adherence |
| Duruturk et al, 201925 | 44 (40.91%), 52.9 | Turkey | Hospital | HbA1c |
| Asante et al, 202015 | 60 (21.67%), 56.1 | Ghana | Hospital | HbA1c, SBP, DBP, medication adherence |
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LDL-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure.