Glycemic variability in individuals by groups, during daytime and nighttime hours of the 14-day measurement period
| Total subjects enrolled | LL group | HL group | P value | Cohen effect size | |
| Daytime | |||||
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 7.7±1.0 7.8 (5.9–9.6) | 7.9±1.0 7.8 (6.6–9.6) | 7.5±1.1 7.7 (5.9–9.3) | 0.29 | 40 |
| CV (%) | 30±3 31 (24–36) | 29±3 30 (24–36) | 31±2 31 (27–35) | 0.25 | 50 |
| MAGE (mmol/L) | 3.7±1.0 3.6 (2.4–5.3) | 3.6±0.7 3.5 (2.4–5.3) | 3.7±1.0 3.7 (2.8–4.6) | 0.51 | 10 |
| TIR (%) | 75±1 78 (54–91) | 75±12 75 (55–91) | 76±8 78 (54–85) | 0.98 | 12 |
| TBR (%) | 6±4 4 (1 – 16) | 5±2 4 (2–10) | 7±4 6 (1–16) | 0.21 | 61 |
| TAR (%) | 19±11 19 (5–42) | 21±12 2 (6–42) | 18±11 18 (5–41) | 0.51 | 28 |
| Nighttime | |||||
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 7.4±0.9 7.2 (6.0–9.2) | 7.5±0.9 7.3 (6.4–9.2) | 7.4±1.0 7.2 (6.0–9.0) | 0.98 | 2 |
| CV (%) | 26±4 25 (19–37) | 25±4 26 (19–35) | 26±4 25 (19–37) | 0.43 | 13 |
| MAGE (mmol/L) | 3.1±0.7 3.0 (2.2–5.1) | 3.0±0.7 3.0 (2.4–5.1) | 3.2±1.0 3.0 (2.2–4.2) | 0.54 | 8 |
| TIR (%) | 79±10 80 (52–95) | 80±12 83 (52–95) | 77±8 79 (63–87) | 0.23 | 15 |
| TBR (%) | 6±4 4 (1–17) | 4±3 3 (1–12) | 7±5 6 (2–17) | 0.044* | 38 |
| TAR (%) | 16±1 13 (4–40) | 16±11 12 (4–40) | 16±9 14 (7–35) | 0.51 | 0 |
Values reported as mean±SD and median (minimum–maximum). CGM metrics of measured hours are defined as; CV glucose SD divided by the glucose mean. MAGE; time spent in different glycemic ranges are divided by: %TIR glucose between 3.9 mmol/L and 10.0 mmol/L; %TBR glucose <3.9 mmol/L; %TAR glucose >10.0 mmol/L. P value Wilcoxon test for median values. P≤0.05.
Bold values correspond to medium or large cohen effect d>= 0.5
*(1−β) ≥0.8.
CV, coefficient of variance; HL, higher load; LL, lower load; MAGE, mean amplitude of glycemic excursion; %TAR, time above range; %TBR, time below range; TIR, time in range.