Dependent variable=eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | ||
Univariate β (95% CI) | Multivariate β (95% CI) | |
HOMA-β tertiles | ||
<23.50 | 0 (ref) | 0 (ref) |
23.50–54.50 | −3.09 (−6.32 to 0.14) | 0.57 (−1.94 to 3.09) |
>54.50 | −5.96 (−9.18 to −2.73)† | −0.38 (−3.10 to 2.33) |
HOMA-β tertiles*follow-up time | ||
<23.50 | −3.66(ref)† | −3.66(ref)† |
23.50–54.50 | 0.64 (-0.26,1.53) | 0.64 (-0.25,1.53) |
>54.50 | 0.85 (-0.05,1.74) | 0.84 (-0.05,1.74) |
FCP tertiles | ||
<1.00 | 0(ref) | 0(ref) |
1.00–1.80 | −1.06 (-4.38,2.26) | −0.94 (-3.47,1.60) |
>1.80 | −3.56 (−6.85 to –0.26)* | −3.37 (−6.13 to –0.61)* |
FCP tertiles*follow-up time | ||
<1.00 | −3.57(ref)† | −3.56(ref)† |
1.00–1.80 | 0.31 (-0.59 to 1.20) | 0.31 (-0.59 to 1.21) |
>1.80 | 1.15 (0.26 to 2.05)* | 1.15 (0.25, to 2.04)* |
FCGR tertiles | ||
<0.68 | 0 (ref) | 0 (ref) |
0.68–1.28 | −3.06 (−6.33 to 0.21) | −1.08 (−3.65 to 1.49) |
>1.28 | −8.05 (−11.31 to −4.79)† | −3.92 (−6.85 to −0.99)† |
FCGR tertiles*follow-up time | ||
<0.68 | −4.09 (ref)† | −4.08 (ref)† |
0.68–1.28 | 1.14 (0.24 to 2.03)* | 1.14 (0.25 to 2.03)* |
>1.28 | 1.88 (0.99 to 2.77)† | 1.88 (0.99 to 2.77)† |
2hPCP tertiles | ||
<2.44 | 0(ref) | 0(ref) |
2.44–4.47 | −2.60 (−5.84 to 0.63) | −1.41 (−3.92 to 1.09) |
>4.47 | −5.46 (−8.69 to –2.23)† | −3.51 (−6.30 to −0.72)* |
2hPCP tertiles*follow-up time | ||
<2.44 | −4.39 (ref)† | −4.38 (ref)† |
2.44–4.47 | 1.34 (0.45 to 2.22)† | 1.34 (0.45 to 2.22)† |
>4.47 | 2.32 (1.44 to 3.20)† | 2.31 (1.43 to 3.19)† |
ΔCP tertiles | ||
<1.20 | 0(ref) | 0 (ref) |
1.20–2.70 | −1.69 (−4.96 to 1.58) | −1.77 (−4.27 to 0.73) |
>2.70 | −6.38 (−9.65 to −3.10)† | −3.52 (−6.34 to −0.70)† |
ΔCP tertiles*follow-up time | ||
<1.20 | −4.26 (ref)† | −4.25 (ref)† |
1.20–2.70 | 1.17 (0.29 to 2.06)† | 1.18 (0.29 to 2.06)† |
>2.70 | 2.37 (1.48 to 3.25)† | 2.36 (1.47 to 3.24)† |
PCGR tertiles | ||
<0.90 | 0 (ref) | 0 (ref) |
0.90–1.85 | −3.32 (−6.57 to −0.07)* | −2.45 (−5.07 to 0.18) |
>1.85 | −8.90 (−12.14 to −5.66)† | −5.81 (−8.88 to −2.75)† |
PCGR tertiles*follow-up time | ||
<0.90 | −4.63 (ref)† | −4.62 (ref)† |
0.90–1.85 | 1.98 (1.08 to 2.88)† | 1.98 (1.08 to 2.88)† |
>1.85 | 2.47 (1.57 to 3.37)† | 2.46 (1.56 to 3.36)† |
In multivariate analysis, covariates were age, sex, diabetes duration, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, total cholesterol, uric acid, eGFR at baseline, urine microalbumin, glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, and history of insulin treatment.
*P<0.05
†P<0.01
eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FCGR, fasting C-peptide-to-glucose ratio; FCP, fasting C-peptide; HOMA-β, homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function; 2hPCP, 2-hour postprandial C-peptide; PCGR, 2-hour postprandial C-peptide-to-glucose ratio; β, partial regression coefficient; ΔCP, difference between 2-hour postprandial and fasting C-peptide.