Baseline characteristics of participants
| Parameters | No add-on | Dapagliflozin add-on | P value |
| N | 18 | 18 | |
| Age, years | 65.5 (10.9) | 64.9 (12.7) | 0.88 |
| % Male | 50 | 72 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.5 (3.3) | 26.3 (5.3) | 0.25 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 88.9 (9.1) | 92.6 (11.5) | 0.29 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 144 (25) | 145 (25) | 0.86 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 77 (13) | 78 (14) | 0.76 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL | 151 (54) | 168 (40) | 0.32 |
| HbA1c, % | 8.08 (1.25) | 8.14 (0.92) | 0.87 |
| 8OHdG, ng/mL | 4.35 (2.90, 8.05) | 4.70 (3.30, 9.00) | 0.84 |
| Medications | |||
| Basal insulin, % | 100 | 100 | – |
| Basal insulin, unit | 11.2 (5.6) | 12.2 (10.2) | 0.78 |
| Oral antidiabetic agents | |||
| Biguanides, % | 61 | 50 | 0.50 |
| Sulfonylureas, % | 11 | 11 | 1.00 |
| Glinides, % | 6 | 6 | 1.00 |
| Thiazolidinediones, % | 17 | 28 | 0.42 |
| α-Glucosidase inhibitors, % | 17 | 17 | 1.00 |
| GLP1RA, % | 0 | 0 | – |
| DPP4 inhibitors, % | 56 | 50 | 0.74 |
| SGLT2 inhibitors, % | 0 | 0 | – |
| Antihypertensive agents | |||
| Calcium channel blockers, % | 28 | 39 | 0.48 |
| Angiotensin II receptor blocker, % | 33 | 39 | 0.73 |
| ACE inhibitors, % | 17 | 11 | 0.29 |
| Diuretics, % | 0 | 0 | – |
| β-Blockers, % | 11 | 28 | 0.21 |
| Lipid-lowering agents | |||
| Statin, % | 50 | 61 | 0.50 |
| Fibrates, % | 0 | 11 | 0.15 |
| Ezetimibe, % | 17 | 0 | 0.07 |
Values are mean (SD), median (IQR) or n (%).
BMI, body mass index; DPP4, dipeptidyl-peptidase 4; GLP1RA, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; 8OHdG, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine; SGLT2, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2.