Demographic characteristics of the subjects
| GDM（n=835） | Non-GDM（n=870） | χ2/t | P value | |
| Age（years） | 30.97±4.56 | 28.84±4.20 | 10.45 | <0.001 |
| Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 22.16±3.35 | 20.67±2.37 | 10.644 | <0.001 |
| Gravidity | ||||
| 1 | 294 (35.21) | 342 (39.31) | 7.917 | 0.048 |
| 2 | 257 (30.78) | 274 (31.49) | ||
| 3 | 153 (18.32) | 155 (17.82) | ||
| ≥4 | 131 (15.69) | 99 (11.38) | ||
| Parity | ||||
| 0 | 493 (59.04) | 532 (61.15) | 7.249 | 0.027 |
| 1 | 303 (36.29) | 318 (36.55) | ||
| ≥2 | 39 (4.67) | 20 (2.30) | ||
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.05±0.88 | 4.34±0.31 | 17.315 | <0.001 |
| 1h-OGTT (mmol/L) | 10.42±1.69 | 7.38±1.34 | 34.064 | <0.001 |
| 2h-OGTT (mmol/L) | 9.14±1.73 | 6.50±0.98 | 30.969 | <0.001 |
| Family history of T2DM | ||||
| No | 586 (70.18) | 767 (88.16) | 84.087 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 249 (29.82) | 103 (11.84) |
BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.