Reverse MR analysis results
| Exposure | Outcome | Significance level of the selected IVs | nSNP | β | SE | P value |
| COVID-19 positive | Type 1 diabetes | p≤1×10−5 | 15 | 0.038 | 0.071 | 0.595 |
| Hospitalized COVID-19 | p≤1×10−5 | 11 | 0.002 | 0.043 | 0.971 | |
| Severe COVID-19 | p≤1×10−5 | 8 | 0.014 | 0.021 | 0.506 | |
| COVID-19 death | p≤1×10−5 | 4 | 0.053 | 0.043 | 0.217 | |
| Recovery time with colchicine treatment | p≤1×10−5 | 13 | 0.028 | 0.017 | 0.090 | |
| Recovery time with placebo treatment | p≤1×10−5 | 15 | 0.010 | 0.016 | 0.548 |
nSNP is the number of SNPs used as IVs; β is the estimated effect coefficient; SE is the standard error of β.
IVs, instrumental variables; MR, Mendelian randomization; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism.