Linear GEE regression comparing mean diabetes care measurements in pre versus during pandemic period among KPGA adult members with prevalent diabetes, 2018–2021
| Diabetes care process | Prepandemic (2018–2019) | During pandemic (2020–2021) | Absolute change (during vs pre) | Mean difference (95% CI)* |
| HbA1c (mean; %) | 7.2 (1.7) | 7.4 (1.7) | +0.11 | 0.13 (0.11, 0.15) |
| Systolic BP (mean (SD); mm Hg) | 132.4 (12.2) | 133.9 (12.5) | +1.58 | 1.22 (1.08, 1.35) |
| Diastolic BP (mean (SD); mm Hg) | 72.4 (8.7) | 72.3 (9.2) | −0.09 | 0.41 (0.32, 0.49) |
| LDL cholesterol (mean (SD); mg/dL) | 101.3 (41.9) | 92.4 (36.6) | −8.86 | −7.77 (−8.32, −7.23) |
| Creatinine (mean (SD); mg/dL) | 1.1 (0.7) | 1.1 (0.8) | +0.02 | 0.01 (0.00, 0.01) |
| OR (95% CI) | ||||
| UACR (% >300 mg/g)† | 6.5 | 9.4 | +2.9 | 1.47 (1.35,1.60) |
Missingness: Prepandemic: HbA1c=6.7%; BP=1.7%; cholesterol=19.0%; creatinine=7.0%; UACR=31.8%. During pandemic: HbA1c=8.2%; BP=13.2%; cholesterol=26.8%; creatinine=6.3%; UACR=39.4%.
*Compares during versus pre period, adjusted for baseline age; a 95% CI that does not include 0 is significant.
†UACR was highly skewed and thus we compared the proportion of those with high risk of kidney disease (UACR>300 mg/g) pre and during the pandemic and reported OR (95% CI) adjusted for baseline age.
BP, blood pressure; GEE, generalized estimating equation; KPGA, Kaiser Permanente Georgia; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; UACR, urine-albumin-creatinine ratio.