Baseline characteristics of FDS1 participants with type 1 diabetes by all-cause mortality to end-2017
| Alive | Deceased | P value | |
| n (%) | 70 (56.0) | 55 (44.0) | |
| Age (years) | 33.1±12.5 | 53.5±12.3 | <0.001 |
| Male (%) | 51.4 | 69.1 | 0.066 |
| Education beyond primary (%) | 89.2 | 83.3 | 0.423 |
| Not fluent in English (%) | 4.3 | 9.1 | 0.299 |
| Overseas born (%) | 26.1 | 38.2 | 0.175 |
| Smoking status (%) | |||
| Never | 58.2 | 27.3 | |
| Ex-smoker | 20.9 | 43.6 | 0.002 |
| Current | 20.9 | 29.1 | |
| Alcohol (standard drinks/day) | 0.1 (0–1.1) | 0 (0–0.5) | 0.303 |
| Any exercise in the past 2 weeks (%) | 87.0 | 76.4 | 0.157 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.0±4.4 | 27.9±5.2 | 0.001 |
| ABSI (m11/6/kg2/3) | 0.075±0.006 | 0.081±0.005 | <0.001 |
| Abdominal obesity (% by waist circumference) | 12.9 | 38.2 | 0.001 |
| Age at diabetes diagnosis (years) | 25.3±11.2 | 33.6±10.9 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 4.9 (0.7–12.7) | 20.0 (1.0–29.0) | <0.001 |
| Fasting serum glucose (mmol/L) | 10.7 (6.7–16.7) | 10.6 (8.5–14.6) | 0.544 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.0 (6.7–9.3) | 9.5 (8.1–10.6) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 64 (50–78) | 80 (65–92) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 126±15 | 146±25 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 73±9 | 81±12 | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensive medication (%) | 8.6 | 45.5 | <0.001 |
| Total serum cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.9±1.0 | 5.6±1.7 | 0.019 |
| Serum HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.31±0.39 | 1.13±0.46 | 0.022 |
| Serum triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | 1.6 (0.7–3.6) | 0.005 |
| Lipid-modifying medication (%) | 0 | 14.5 | 0.001 |
| eGFR (Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration) category (%) | |||
| ≥90 mL/min/1.73m2 | 59.4 | 37.0 | |
| 60–89 mL/min/1.73m2 | 39.1 | 38.9 | <0.001 |
| 45–59 mL/min/1.73m2 | 1.4 | 16.7 | |
| <45 mL/min/1.73m2 | 0 | 7.4 | |
| Urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (mg/mmol) | 1.2 (0.4–3.4)) | 6.1 (0.9–41.6) | <0.001 |
| Any retinopathy (%) | 13.2 | 56.4 | <0.001 |
| Peripheral sensory neuropathy (%) | 8.7 | 41.2 | <0.001 |
| Peripheral arterial disease (%) | 17.1 | 27.8 | 0.190 |
| Ischemic heart disease (%) | 2.9 | 23.6 | 0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease (%) | 0 | 12.7 | 0.003 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index (%) | |||
| 0 | 95.7 | 78.2 | |
| 1 or 2 | 4.3 | 16.4 | 0.006 |
| ≥3 | 0 | 5.5 |
ABSI, A Body Shape Index; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FDS1, Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase I ; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.