Pooled baseline characteristics of 93 participants with T1D matched 1:1 on age and sex with 93 participants with type 2 diabetes from the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase I by all-cause mortality
| Alive on 31 December 2017 | Deceased by 31 December 2017 | P value | |
| Number (%) | 96 (51.6) | 90 (48.4) | |
| Age (years) | 42.6±10.5 | 54.9±12.1 | <0.001 |
| Male (%) | 53.1 | 67.8 | 0.051 |
| Ethnic background (%) | 0.566 | ||
| Anglo-Celt | 58.3 | 61.1 | |
| Southern European | 12.5 | 18.9 | |
| Other European | 9.4 | 6.7 | |
| Asian | 3.1 | 3.3 | |
| Aboriginal | 3.1 | 3.3 | |
| Mixed/other | 13.5 | 6.7 | |
| Not fluent in English (%) | 8.3 | 11.1 | 0.622 |
| Educated beyond primary school level (%) | 87.1 | 82.0 | 0.413 |
| Married/de facto relationship (%) | 65.6 | 68.9 | 0.643 |
| Smoking status (%) | 0.062 | ||
| Never | 46.2 | 30.0 | |
| Ex-smoker | 31.2 | 44.4 | |
| Current | 22.6 | 25.6 | |
| Alcohol consumption (standard drinks/day) | 0.1 (0–0.8) | 0 (0–0.3) | 0.273 |
| Any exercise in past 2 weeks (%) | 79.8 | 74.4 | 0.483 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.9±6.2 | 29.9±6.6 | 0.304 |
| ABSI (m11/6/kg2/3) | 0.078±0.006 | 0.082±0.005 | <0.001 |
| Overweight/obese by waist circumference (%)* | 44.8 | 52.9 | 0.302 |
| T1D (%) | 41.7 | 58.9 | 0.027 |
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 36.5±11.2 | 40.5±14.1 | 0.033 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 4.2 (0.8–9.0) | 11.5 (4.9–22.0) | <0.001 |
| Fasting serum glucose (mmol/L) | 9.1 (6.6–14.1) | 10.2 (7.9–14.1) | 0.084 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.8 (6.5–8.6) | 9.0 (7.7–10.2) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 62 (48–70) | 75 (61–88) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes treatment (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Diet | 28.0 | 7.8 | |
| OGLMs | 29.0 | 26.7 | |
| Insulin±OGLM | 43.0 | 65.6 | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 131±18 | 149±26 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 79±10 | 82±12 | 0.027 |
| On blood pressure-lowering medication (%) | 18.8 | 44.4 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 69±11 | 74±15 | 0.018 |
| Total serum cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.3±0.9 | 5.5±1.8 | 0.281 |
| Serum HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.10±0.40 | 1.04±0.40 | 0.359 |
| Serum triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.7 (0.8–3.4) | 1.9 (0.8–4.2) | 0.239 |
| Lipid-lowering medication (%) | 4.2 | 13.3 | 0.035 |
| Aspirin use (%) | 3.1 | 18.0 | 0.001 |
| eGFR (CKD-EPI) category (%) | 0.001 | ||
| ≥90 mL/min/1.73m2 | 52.1 | 34.1 | |
| 60–89 mL/min/1.73m2 | 44.7 | 46.6 | |
| 45–59 mL/min/1.73m2 | 3.2 | 14.8 | |
| <45 mL/min/1.73m2 | 0 | 4.5 | |
| Urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (mg/mmol) | 1.3 (0.4–4.5) | 5.4 (0.9–33.4) | <0.001 |
| Any retinopathy (%) | 12.8 | 40.2 | <0.001 |
| Ischemic heart disease (%) | 7.3 | 31.1 | <0.001 |
| Heart failure (%) | 0 | 8.9 | 0.003 |
| Cerebrovascular disease (%) | 2.1 | 13.3 | 0.004 |
| Distal sensory polyneuropathy (8-point) (%) | 10.4 | 40.0 | <0.001 |
| Peripheral arterial disease (%) | 15.8 | 28.4 | 0.049 |
| Charslon Comorbidity Index categories (%) | 0.027 | ||
| 0 | 85.4 | 72.2 | |
| 1 or 2 | 13.5 | 20.0 | |
| ≥3 | 1.0 | 7.8 |
*Waist circumference ≥94.0 cm (men), ≥80.0 cm (women).
eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; OGLM, oral glucose-lowering medication; T1D, type 1 diabetes.