Social determinants of health, behavioral determinants of health and cardiometabolic risk characteristics by clusters
| Variables | Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | P value |
| n (%) or mean (SD) | n (%) or mean (SD) | n (%) or mean (SD) | ||
| 18,823 (48.9%) | 13,401 (34.8%) | 6252 (16.3%) | ||
| Social determinants of health | ||||
| Female | 4150 (22.0) | 9080 (67.8) | 180 (2.9) | <0.001 |
| Age, mean, years | 42.4 (14.0) | 29.4 (10.1) | 65.5 (15.1) | <0.001 |
| Poverty ratio | ||||
| <1.30 | 3611 (19.2) | 5886 (43.9) | 1653 (26.4) | <0.001 |
| >1.85 | 11,908 (63.3) | 4341 (32.4) | 3024 (48.4) | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 9809 (52.1) | 3349 (25.0) | 3261 (52.2) | <0.001 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 3715 (19.7) | 3525 (26.3) | 954 (15.3) | |
| Hispanic | 3437 (18.3) | 5199 (38.8) | 1595 (25.5) | |
| Other | 1862 (9.9) | 1328 (9.9) | 442 (7.1) | |
| Education | ||||
| High school or less | 4621 (24.5) | 3230 (24.1) | 1314 (21.0) | <0.001 |
| Married/with partner | 13,383 (71.1) | 4432 (33.1) | 4148 (66.3) | <0.001 |
| Health insurance | ||||
| Yes | 14,463 (76.8) | 8495 (63.4) | 5399 (86.4) | <0.001 |
| Healthcare access | ||||
| No place to go | 3960 (21.0) | 3660 (27.3) | 767 (12.3) | <0.001 |
| Behavioral determinants of health | ||||
| Smoking status | ||||
| Significant | 2096 (11.1) | 1973 (14.7) | 481 (7.7) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol use | ||||
| Yes | 12,352 (65.6) | 5685 (42.4) | 3587 (57.4) | <0.001 |
| Sleep duration (hours) | 6.8 (1.4) | 7.2 (1.5) | 7.4 (1.5) | <0.001 |
| Diet score | 1.0 (0.7) | 1.3 (0.7) | 1.1 (0.7) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity | ||||
| Inactive | 10,819 (57.5) | 7759 (57.9) | 4194 (67.1) | <0.001 |
| Metabolic risk factors | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.4 (6.8) | 26.2 (6.2) | 27.9 (4.9) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 100.4 (15.8) | 88.2 (14.5) | 102.0 (12.7) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 202.1 (40.6) | 172.8 (32.9) | 191.3 (41.3) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 139.6 (101.2) | 92.9 (57.7) | 154.5 (197.5) | <0.001 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 49.5 (15.0) | 54.4 (14.7) | 48.6 (14.5) | <0.001 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 123.9 (34.8) | 98.4 (28.5) | 113.8 (34.9) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 5.4 (0.5) | 5.2 (0.4) | 5.8 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| Mean SBP (mmHg) | 123.6 (16.1) | 112.7 (12.3) | 131.1 (20.1) | <0.001 |
| Mean DBP (mm Hg) | 75.0 (11.4) | 65.6 (11.1) | 68.4 (13.9) | <0.001 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.9 (1.3) | 4.7 (1.1) | 6.3 (1.4) | <0.001 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 12.6 (3.6) | 10.7 (3.3) | 18.3 (7.3) | <0.001 |
| History of HTN | ||||
| Yes | 4681 (24.9) | 1179 (8.8) | 2901 (46.4) | <0.001 |
| Family history of DM | 7434 (39.5) | 4370 (32.6) | 1948 (31.2) | <0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HTN, hypertension; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; n, number of participants; SBP, systolic blood pressure.