Baseline population characteristics among those without sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy at baseline
| Characteristic | Overall, n=137 591* | No retinopathy, n=107 701† | Retinopathy in one eye, n=17 570† | Retinopathy in both eyes, n=12 320† |
| Follow-up (years) | 5.4 (2.8) | 5.5 (2.8) | 5.4 (2.9) | 4.4 (2.9) |
| Age at baseline | 56.8 (14.8) | 56.5 (14.8) | 58.0 (14.6) | 57.1 (15.1) |
| Age category (years) | ||||
| <45 | 28 173 (20%) | 22 552 (21%) | 3124 (18%) | 2497 (20%) |
| 45 to <55 | 32 982 (24%) | 26 038 (24%) | 4115 (23%) | 2829 (23%) |
| 55 to <65 | 33 798 (25%) | 26 373 (24%) | 4425 (25%) | 3000 (24%) |
| 65 and over | 42 638 (31%) | 32 738 (30%) | 5906 (34%) | 3994 (32%) |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 63 751 (46%) | 51 233 (48%) | 7615 (43%) | 4903 (40%) |
| Male | 73 840 (54%) | 56 468 (52%) | 9955 (57%) | 7417 (60%) |
| Type of diabetes | ||||
| 2 | 128 270 (93%) | 101 363 (94%) | 16 301 (93%) | 10 606 (86%) |
| 1 | 5130 (3.7%) | 3141 (2.9%) | 736 (4.2%) | 1253 (10%) |
| Other | 251 (0.2%) | 219 (0.2%) | 15 (<0.1%) | 17 (0.1%) |
| Missing | 3940 (2.9%) | 2978 (2.8%) | 518 (2.9%) | 444 (3.6%) |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White | 50 907 (37%) | 39 663 (37%) | 6423 (37%) | 4821 (39%) |
| South Asian | 47 994 (35%) | 37 951 (35%) | 5992 (34%) | 4051 (33%) |
| Black | 22 095 (16%) | 17 303 (16%) | 2907 (17%) | 1885 (15%) |
| Any other Asian | 7741 (5.6%) | 6013 (5.6%) | 1039 (5.9%) | 689 (5.6%) |
| Other | 4051 (2.9%) | 3097 (2.9%) | 594 (3.4%) | 360 (2.9%) |
| Mixed | 1744 (1.3%) | 1373 (1.3%) | 206 (1.2%) | 165 (1.3%) |
| Chinese | 955 (0.7%) | 745 (0.7%) | 119 (0.7%) | 91 (0.7%) |
| Unknown | 2104 (1.5%) | 1556 (1.4%) | 290 (1.7%) | 258 (2.1%) |
| Duration of diabetes | 4.7 (6.4) | 3.9 (5.4) | 6.2 (7.2) | 10.1 (9.2) |
| Index of multiple deprivation | ||||
| 1 | 14 598 (11%) | 11 537 (11%) | 1792 (10%) | 1269 (10%) |
| 2 | 43 597 (32%) | 34 155 (32%) | 5527 (31%) | 3915 (32%) |
| 3 | 39 756 (29%) | 31 167 (29%) | 5064 (29%) | 3525 (29%) |
| 4 | 25 906 (19%) | 20 114 (19%) | 3408 (19%) | 2384 (19%) |
| 5 | 13 541 (9.8%) | 10 600 (9.8%) | 1746 (9.9%) | 1195 (9.7%) |
| Missing | 193 (0.1%) | 128 (0.1%) | 33 (0.2%) | 32 (0.3%) |
*Mean (SD) for continuous variables, n (column %) for categorical variables.
†No retinopathy (R0M0); retinopathy in one eye (R1M0 in one eye); retinopathy in both eyes (R1M0 in both eyes).