HRs for non-melanoma skin cancer comparing DPP-4 inhibitors with sulfonylureas
| Exposure | No. of patients | Events | Person-years | Weighted incidence rate (95% CI) * | Crude HR | Weighted HR (95% CI)† |
| Primary analysis | ||||||
| Sulfonylureas | 208 626 | 3643 | 795 481 | 426.1 (409.5 to 443.1) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | 96 411 | 1059 | 236 339 | 448.1 (421.5 to 475.9) | 1.02 | 1.06 (0.98 to 1.15) |
| Time since initiation | ||||||
| 0–2 years | ||||||
| Sulfonylureas | 208 626 | 737 | 188 875 | 378.8 (351.0 to 408.3) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | 96,.411 | 333 | 80 647 | 412.9 (369.8 to 459.7) | 1.06 | 1.09 (0.93 to 1.28) |
| 2.1–5 years | ||||||
| Sulfonylureas | 169 749 | 1620 | 367 147 | 402.9 (381.3 to 425.5) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | 65 970 | 507 | 114 245 | 443.8 (406.0 to 484.2) | 1.01 | 1.10 (0.98 to 1.24) |
| >5 years | ||||||
| Sulfonylureas | 82 072 | 1281 | 239 016 | 511.1 (478.5 to 545.3) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | 19 431 | 219 | 41 670 | 525.6 (458.3 to 600.0) | 0.99 | 1.04 (0.88 to 1.22) |
| Cumulative duration of use | ||||||
| 0–2 years | ||||||
| Sulfonylureas | 210 260 | 1299 | 333 747 | 389.1 (368.2 to 410.8) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | 96 929 | 504 | 131 371 | 383.7 (350.9 to 418.7) | 0.95 | 0.98 (0.87 to 1.11) |
| 2.1–5 years | ||||||
| Sulfonylureas | 114 185 | 891 | 192 180 | 463.4 (433.5 to 494.9) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | 44 225 | 454 | 85 595 | 530.4 (482.7 to 581.5) | 1.12 | 1.16 (1.02 to 1.31) |
| >5 years | ||||||
| Sulfonylureas | 36 252 | 245 | 39 817 | 614.6 (540.0 to 696.6) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | 9413 | 101 | 19 440 | 519.6 (423.2 to 631.3) | 0.85 | 0.85 (0.68 to 1.08) |
| Individual drugs | ||||||
| Sulfonylureas | 64 024 | 515 | 138 582 | 403.9 (369.2 to 441.0) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Alogliptin | 13 752 | 80 | 19 819 | 403.6 (320.1 to 502.4) | 1.11 | 1.02 (0.79 to 1.33) |
| Sulfonylureas | 120 223 | 1476 | 355 686 | 578.3 (549.6 to 608.0) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Linagliptin | 19 643 | 230 | 37 827 | 608.0 (532.0 to 692.0) | 1.50 | 1.05 (0.89 to 1.29) |
| Sulfonylureas | 165 100 | 2498 | 564 489 | 459.4 (440.8 to 478.6) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Saxagliptin | 8353 | 115 | 23 927 | 480.6 (396.8 to 576.9) | 1.10 | 1.05 (0.87 to 1.28) |
| Sulfonylureas | 208 657 | 3642 | 795 682 | 384.0 (369.0 to 399.4) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Sitagliptin | 53 716 | 588 | 147 806 | 397.8 (366.3 to 431.3) | 0.90 | 1.05 (0.96 to 1.16) |
| Sulfonylureas | 205 962 | 3604 | 787 607 | 411.7 (398.3 to 425.4) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Vildagliptin | 3343 | 68 | 13 192 | 515.5 (400.3 to 653.5) | 1.12 | 1.25 (0.98 to 1.60) |
*Per 100 000 person-years.
†Weighted using propensity score fine stratification.
DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase.