HR for melanoma comparing DPP-4 inhibitors with sulfonylureas
| Exposure | No. of patients | Events | Person-years | Weighted incidence rate (95% CI) * | Crude HR | Weighted HR (95% CI)† |
| Primary analysis | ||||||
| Sulfonylureas | 209 341 | 515 | 807 734 | 65.3 (58.9 to 72.1) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | 96 739 | 119 | 239 306 | 49.7 (41.2 to 59.5) | 0.81 | 0.77 (0.61 to 0.96) |
| Time since initiation | ||||||
| 0–2 years | ||||||
| Sulfonylureas | 209 341 | 100 | 189 832 | 50.0 (40.3 to 61.4) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | 96 739 | 50 | 81 047 | 61.7 (45.8 to 81.3) | 1.18 | 1.24 (0.83 to 1.86) |
| 2.1–5 years | ||||||
| Sulfonylureas | 171 110 | 226 | 371 967 | 71.0 (62.1 to 80.8) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | 66 433 | 48 | 115 603 | 41.5 (30.6 to 55.1) | 0.68 | 0.59 (0.41 to 0.84) |
| >5 years | ||||||
| Sulfonylureas | 83 658 | 189 | 246 193 | 71.1 (59.4 to 84.4) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | 19 803 | 21 | 42 882 | 49.0 (30.3 to 74.9) | 0.66 | 0.69 (0.42 to 1.13) |
| Cumulative duration of use | ||||||
| 0–2 years | ||||||
| Sulfonylureas | 209 512 | 176 | 336 493 | 52.2 (44.8 to 60.5) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | 96 830 | 78 | 132 332 | 58.9 (46.6 to 73.5) | 1.14 | 1.14 (0.84 to 1.54) |
| 2.1–5 years | ||||||
| Sulfonylureas | 114 053 | 172 | 194 958 | 88.2 (75.5 to 102.4) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | 44 177 | 34 | 86 893 | 39.1 (27.1 to 54.7) | 0.55 | 0.43 (0.29 to 0.66) |
| >5 years | ||||||
| Sulfonylureas | 36 575 | 43 | 41 008 | 104.9 (75.9 to 141.3) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | 9559 | 7 | 20 145 | 34.7 (14.0 to 71.6) | 41 | 0.33 (0.15 to 0.74) |
| Individual drugs | ||||||
| Sulfonylureas | 64 218 | 83 | 139 697 | 74.9 (60.4 to 91.7) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Alogliptin | 13 804 | 12 | 19 959 | 60.1 (31.1 to 105.0) | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.43 to 1.59) |
| Sulfonylureas | 120 639 | 213 | 359 962 | 79.1 (68.8 to 90.5) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Linagliptin | 19 746 | 20 | 38 358 | 52.1 (31.8 to 80.5) | 0.88 | 0.67 (0.40 to 1.12) |
| Sulfonylureas | 165 686 | 362 | 572 340 | 71.1 (63.9 to 78.8) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Saxagliptin | 8380 | 15 | 24 258 | 61.8 (34.6 to 102.0) | 1.01 | 0.88 (0.51 to 1.51) |
| Sulfonylureas | 209 373 | 515 | 807 932 | 61.7 (55.9 to 68.1) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Sitagliptin | 53 865 | 69 | 149 607 | 46.1 (35.9 to 58.4) | 0.75 | 0.76 (0.58 to 0.99) |
| Sulfonylureas | 206 643 | 511 | 799 710 | 65.3 (60.1 to 70.8) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Vildagliptin | 3346 | 7 | 13 415 | 52.2 (21.0 to 107.5) | 0.81 | 0.80 (0.38 to 1.70) |
*Per 100 000 person-years.
†Weighted using propensity score fine stratification.
DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase.