Characteristics of the included reports (n=7)
| Study, country | Aim as described in the reports | Methods | Setting | Participants |
| Bachmeier et al,29 Australia | To assess the usage and acceptance of a Diabetes Psychosocial Assessment Tool and to profile the clinical and psychosocial characteristics of young people with diabetes. | Experimental cross-sectional study | Tertiary center diabetes multidisciplinary clinic | N=155 patients 87 females (56%), 96% with type 1 diabetes Mean age: 20.7 (2.2) 18–25 years |
| Haugstvedt et al,*30 Norway | To explore nurses’ and physicians’ experiences of diabetes consultations in general and the use of dialogue tools in the DiaPROM pilot trial. | Qualitative study with semi-structured in-depth interviews | Diabetes outpatient clinic | N=14 healthcare personnel Nine physicians and five nurses |
| Hernar et al,*33 Norway | To examine the feasibility and acceptability of capturing PRO measures electronically using a touchscreen computer in clinical diabetes practice. | Feasibility study using cross-sectional data and field observations | Outpatient clinic in a university hospital | N=69 patients 34 females (49%), all with type 1 diabetes Median age: 51 years (40–74) |
| Hernar et al,*27 Norway A | To pilot test the proposed DiaPROM trial components and address uncertainties associated with conducting a full-scale randomized controlled trial to evaluate whether such a trial is feasible. | Randomized controlled trial | Endocrinology outpatient clinic in a university hospital | N=80 patients 40 females (50%), all with type 1 diabetes Mean age: 27.2 (5.0) years |
| Hernar et al,*31 Norway B | To explore young adults' experiences of outpatient follow-up appointments, completing electronic PRO measures and using the Problem Areas in Diabetes scale during the DiaPROM pilot trial. | Qualitative study with semi-structured interviews | Diabetes outpatient clinic | N=19 patients 11 females (58%), all with type 1 diabetes Mean age: 30 (5.2) years |
| Jensen et al†34 | To investigate patients’ experiences using DiabetesFlex Care. | Qualitative study with semi-structured interviews | Diabetes outpatient clinic | N=36 patients 23 females (64%), all with type 1 diabetes Mean age: not reported |
| Laurberg et al†28 Denmark | To assess the impact of healthcare-initiated visits versus patient-controlled flexible visits on clinical and PROs in individuals with type 1 diabetes. | Randomized controlled trial | A large publicly funded outpatient clinic | N=343 patients 151 females (47%), all with type 1 diabetes Mean age: 48 (14) years |
| Skovlund et al,32 Denmark | To evaluate the feasibility, acceptability and perceived benefits and impacts of using a digital PRO diabetes tool, DiaProfil, in routine outpatient diabetes care. | A formative, mixed-methods, single-arm, acceptability, feasibility pilot study | Diabetes outpatient clinic | N=12 patients Seven females (58%), eight with type 1 diabetes (67%) and four with type 2 diabetes (33%) Median age: 56.6 (24–79) years N=4 healthcare personnel (two nurses and two physicians), three female (75%) All had >5 years of diabetes care experience, with some previous involvement with the design of the PRO diabetes tool |
*Reports from the same project intervention.
†Reports from the same project intervention.
DiaPROM, Diabetes Patient-Related Outcome Measures; PRO, patient-reported outcome.