General characteristics of the study population according to FTO rs9939609 genotype and sex
| Males (n=3193, 49.3%) | Females (n=3335, 50.7%) | |||||
| TT (n=2414, 76.9%) | TA+AA (n=725, 23.1%) | P value | TT (n=2555, 76.6%) | TA+AA (n=780, 23.4%) | P value | |
| Age (years) | 50.82±8.57 | 49.98±8.24 | 0.016 | 51.79±8.86 | 52.42±9.12 | 0.083 |
| Region | ||||||
| Rural (Ansung) | 692 (78.5) | 190 (21.5) | 0.196 | 942 (76.2) | 295 (23.8) | 0.630 |
| Urban (Ansan) | 1722 (76.3) | 535 (23.7) | 1613 (76.9) | 485 (23.1) | ||
| Physical activity (MET-h) | 21.55±14.32 | 20.49±13.58 | 0.227 | 20.56±13.91 | 20.21±13.76 | 0.543 |
| Alcohol drinking | ||||||
| Non-drinker | 446 (77.4) | 127 (22.6) | 0.644 | 1812 (76.5) | 558 (23.5) | 0.039 |
| Ex-drinker | 216 (74.8) | 73 (25.3) | 92 (86.8) | 14 (13.2) | ||
| Current drinker | 1762 (77.0) | 525 (23.0) | 651 (75.8) | 208 (24.2) | ||
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Non-smoker | 486 (77.0) | 145 (23.0) | 0.112 | 2430 (76.5) | 747 (23.5) | 0.349 |
| Ex-smoker | 805 (79.0) | 214 (21.0) | 41 (85.4) | 7 (14.6) | ||
| Current smoker | 1123 (75.4) | 366 (24.6) | 84 (76.4) | 26 (23.6) | ||
| Education* | ||||||
| Low | 400 (78.9) | 107 (21.2) | 0.236 | 1037 (75.6) | 334 (24.4) | 0.174 |
| Middle | 1418 (75.9) | 451 (24.1) | 1328 (76.8) | 402 (23.2) | ||
| High | 596 (78.1) | 167 (21.9) | 190 (81.2) | 44 (18.8) | ||
| Cohabitation | ||||||
| Single† | 98 (83.8) | 19 (16.2) | 0.073 | 360 (73.9) | 127 (26.1) | 0.129 |
| Married/partner | 2316 (76.6) | 706 (23.4) | 2195 (77.1) | 653 (22.9) | ||
| Macronutrient intake | ||||||
| Total energy (kcal/day) | 2,006.91±564.70 | 2,005.65±520.83 | 0.756 | 1,850.22±594.63 | 1,850.65±612.77 | 0.815 |
| Carbohydrate (g/day) | 346.27±30.99 | 347.54±29.67 | 0.698 | 334.80±30.46 | 333.88±30.01 | 0.511 |
| Protein (g/day) | 69.44±11.13 | 69.26±10.35 | 0.790 | 63.02±10.76 | 63.17±10.56 | 0.672 |
| Fat (g/day) | 35.31±10.68 | 35.63±9.78 | 0.160 | 28.81±10.69 | 29.22±10.68 | 0.426 |
Values are presented as the means and SDs for age, physical activity, and macronutrient intake; other values are presented as the number of subjects with percentages indicated in brackets.
*Education level is divided into three categories: ‘low’ refers to elementary school graduates or less education; ‘middle’ refers to middle school graduates or high school graduates; and ‘high’ refers to junior college graduates or greater education.
†Single refers to individuals reported as unmarried, bereaved, separated, and divorced.
MET-h, metabolic equivalent hours; n, number of subjects.