Table 1

Cross-sectional participant characteristics in Better Health for Better Hong Kong_Hong Kong Family Diabetes Study cohort

TotalNon-IGTAGTP value
(n=1293)2hPG<7.8 (n=976)2hPG 7.8–11.0 (n=232)2hPG≥11.1 (n=85)
Age (years)41.9±12.040.2±11.546.2±12.149.9±12.1<0.001
Female, n (%)728 (56.3)542 (55.5)138 (59.5)48 (56.5)0.552
Weight (kg)62.1±12.261.4±11.864.2±13.165.3±13.9<0.001
Height (cm)161.1±8.8161.6±8.8159.5±8.5159.1±8.7<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)23.9±3.923.4±3.725.1±4.125.6±4.1<0.001
Waist circumference (cm)78.9±10.477.6±10.082.5±10.484.3±10.8<0.001
 Female74.7±9.473.2±9.079.3±9.179.1±9.4<0.001
 Male84.3±9.183.1±8.487.1±10.591.4±8.4<0.001
Hip (cm)95.0±7.194.5±6.897.0±7.896.7±7.6<0.001
SBP (mm Hg)120.3±19.3117.1±17.6128.1±19.7136.2±23.9<0.001
DBP (mm Hg)75.0±12.073.8±11.378.1±12.381.1±15.3<0.001
DM FH, n (%)721 (55.8)516 (52.9)149 (64.2)56 (65.9)<0.001
 Smoking, n (%)0.028
 Current smoker159 (12.3)120 (12.3)26 (11.2)13 (15.3)
 Ex-smoker49 (3.8)28 (2.9)16 (6.9)5 (5.9)
Use of antihypertensives, n (%)58 (4.5)19 (1.9)19 (8.2)20 (23.5)<0.001
Glycemic measures
 FPG (mmol/L)5.0±0.64.8±0.55.2±0.65.9±0.7<0.001
 1hPG (mmol/L)8.7±2.77.7±2.210.9±1.813.6±1.7<0.001
 2hPG (mmol/L)6.6±2.45.5±1.29.0±0.912.5±1.4<0.001
Routine parameters
 Albumin (g/L)41.1±3.141.2±3.241.0±3.040.8±2.60.405
 Total protein (g/L)76.2±4.375.9±4.377.0±4.677.4±3.9<0.001
 Total cholesterol (mmol/L)5.2±1.05.1±1.05.4±1.05.5±0.9<0.001
 Triglyceride (mmol/L)1.0 (0.8)0.9 (0.7)1.3 (0.9)1.4 (1.0)<0.001
 HDL-c (mmol/L)1.5±0.41.5±0.41.4±0.41.3±0.3<0.001
 LDL-c (mmol/L)3.1±0.93.0±0.93.3±0.93.4±0.8<0.001
 Sodium (mmol/L)140.9±1.9140.8±1.8141.0±1.8141.2±2.00.065
 Potassium (mmol/L)4.09±0.354.10±0.344.09±0.373.97±0.360.016
 Serum creatinine (µmol/L)74.0±17.474.6±17.372.5±17.970.8±18.00.067
 Urea (mmol/L)5.0±1.265.0±1.24.9±1.24.8±1.170.320
 uACR (mg/mmol)0.8 (1.1)0.7 (1.0)0.9 (1.7)1.3 (2.2)<0.001
  • Data were shown as mean±SD or median (IQR) or number (%). The one-way analysis of variance test or Kruskal-Wallis test was used for continuous variables, χ2 test was used for categorical variables.

  • Bold values signifies p <0.05

  • AGT, abnormal glucose tolerance; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM FH, family history of diabetes; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; 1hPG, 1-hour post-challenge glucose; 2hPG, 2-hour post-challenge glucose; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PLT, platelet; RBC, red blood cells; SBP, systolic blood pressure; uACR, urinary albumin creatinine ratio; WBC, white blood cells.