Table 3

Post-prandial profiles of uncomplicated pregnancies, overall and by trimester

Entire gestational period2nd trimester3rd trimester
Number of participants15715076
Number of meals374725431183
Fasting glucose*—mg/dL (mmol/L), mean±SD88±14
(4.9±0.8)		88±14
(4.9±0.8)		87±14
(4.8±0.8)
Baseline glucose prior to meal†—mg/dL (mmol/L), mean±SD91±18
(5.1±1.0)		91±18
(5.1±1.0)		90±18
(5.0±1.0)
Post-prandial glucose level—mg/dL (mmol/L), mean±SD   
 30 min after meal time103±22
(5.7±1.2)		104±21
(5.8±1.2)		101±22
(5.6±1.2)
 1 hour after meal time108±23
(6.0±1.3)		107±23
(5.9±1.3)		109±23
(6.1±1.3)
 2 hours after meal time102±21
(5.7±1.2)		102±21
(5.7±1.2)		102±21
(5.7±1.2)
 3 hours after meal time97±20
(5.4±1.1)		97±19
(5.4±1.1)		97±20
(5.4±1.1)
Post-prandial peak glucose—mg/dL (mmol/L), mean±SD126±22
(7.0±1.2)		126±22
(7.0±1.2)		125±22
(6.9±1.2)
Glucose meal excursion‡—mg/dL (mmol/L), mean±SD36±22
(2.0±1.2)		36±21
(2.0±1.2)		35±22
(1.9±1.2)
Time to peak glucose—min, median (IQR)62 (40–124)60 (39–123)67 (42–125)
Rate of glucose rise§—mg/dL/min (mmol/L/min), median (IQR)0.5 (0.2–0.9)
(0.03 (0.01–0.05))		0.5 (0.2–1.0)
(0.03 (0.01–0.06))		0.5 (0.2,–0.9)
(0.03 (0.01–0.05))

  • Summary statistics are on a meal level, with the exception of fasting glucose, which is on a day level. Post-prandial time period is 4 hours after meal start time. Each period requires participants to have at least five meals (a) with sufficient CGM data (non-missing glucose −15 min, +30 min, +1 hour, +2 hours, and +3 hours after meal start) and (b) without additional meals 2 hours before or 3 hours after the recorded meal time.

  • *Average glucose in 45 to 15 min prior to first recorded meal of the day. First recorded meal of the day must be before noon.

  • †Average glucose in the 15 min prior to recorded meal time.

  • ‡Post-prandial peak glucose minus baseline glucose prior to meal.

  • §Glucose meal excursion divided by time to peak glucose.

  • CGM, continuous glucose monitoring.