Adjusted percentage (95% CIs) of CVD risk factors by hs-CRP level among adolescents, 2015–2020 NHANES
| hs-CRP level | |||
| Low/average risk (≤3.0 mg/L) | High risk (>3.0 mg/L) | P value | |
| Obesity | |||
| Unadjusted | 17.1 (15.0, 19.4) | 55.7 (49.2, 61.9) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable model 1* | 16.5 (14.5, 18.7) | 56.4 (49.5, 63.0) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable model 2† | 15.7 (13.5, 18.0) | 54.8 (47.7, 61.8) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable model 3‡ | 15.3 (13.3, 17.7) | 53.1 (45.6, 60.5) | <0.001 |
| Overweight | |||
| Unadjusted | 20.9 (18.8, 23.2) | 16.9 (12.1, 22.9) | 0.177 |
| Multivariable model 1* | 20.9 (18.8, 23.2) | 16.2 (11.7, 22.1) | 0.113 |
| Multivariable model 2† | 20.6 (18.5, 22.8) | 16.3 (11.5, 22.6) | 0.173 |
| Multivariable model 3‡ | 20.6 (18.4, 23.0) | 16.7 (11.8, 23.2) | 0.230 |
| A1c≥5.7% (≥39 mmol/mol) | |||
| Unadjusted | 5.9 (4.5, 7.7) | 13.4 (9.9, 17.9) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable model 1* | 5.1 (3.6, 7.0) | 11.9 (8.7, 16.0) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable model 2† | 5.2 (3.6, 7.4) | 10.6 (7.4, 15.0) | 0.006 |
| Multivariable model 3‡ | 5.3 (3.6, 7.7) | 8.9 (5.3, 14.3) | 0.086 |
| FPG≥100 mg/dL | |||
| Unadjusted | 32.7 (26.9, 39.0) | 34.2 (24.0, 46.0) | 0.777 |
| Multivariable model 1* | 31.0 (25.3, 37.4) | 36.4 (25.8, 48.5) | 0.338 |
| Multivariable model 2† | 30.6 (24.5, 37.5) | 34.8 (24.2, 47.0) | 0.452 |
| Multivariable model 3‡ | 31.2 (24.9, 38.4) | 27.8 (17.4, 41.3) | 0.577 |
| Hypertension | |||
| Unadjusted | 1.8 (1.1, 2.9) | 4.0 (2.6, 6.1) | 0.048 |
| Multivariable model 1* | 1.5 (0.8, 2.6) | 3.7 (2.4, 5.6) | 0.019 |
| Multivariable model 2† | 1.6 (0.9, 2.8) | 3.7 (2.3, 6.0) | 0.040 |
| Multivariable model 3‡ | 1.5 (0.8,2.9) | 2.4 (1.1, 4.9) | 0.410 |
| Hyperlipidemia§ | |||
| Unadjusted | 49.2 (44.6, 53.7) | 71.6 (62.4, 79.4) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable model 1* | 49.3 (44.6, 54.0) | 71.1 (62.1, 78.7) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable model 2† | 51.2 (46.1, 56.3) | 69.8 (60.0, 78.1) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable model 3‡ | 53.5 (47.7, 59.3) | 63.6 (50.7, 74.7) | 0.143 |
| Total cholesterol≥170 mg/dL | |||
| Unadjusted | 26.0 (23.5, 28.7) | 36.3 (30.2, 42.8) | 0.003 |
| Multivariable model 1* | 25.8 (23.3, 28.5) | 33.7 (27.9, 40.2) | 0.016 |
| Multivariable model 2† | 25.9 (23.2, 28.9) | 32.9 (26.7, 39.7) | 0.046 |
| Multivariable model 3‡ | 26.5 (23.6, 29.5) | 29.7 (23.0, 37.4) | 0.409 |
*Multivariable model 1 adjusted for age, race/ethnicity and sex (demographics).
†Multivariable model 2 additionally adjusted for poverty income ratio, food security (other social determinants of health).
‡Multivariable model 3 additionally adjusted for: Obesity: additionally adjusted for A1c≥5.7% (≥39 mmol/mol), hypertension, total cholesterol. Overweight: additionally adjusted for A1c≥5.7% (≥39 mmol/mol), hypertension, total cholesterol. A1c ≥5.7% (≥39 mmol/mol): additionally adjusted for obesity, overweight, hypertension, total cholesterol. FPG ≥100 mg/dL: additionally adjusted for obesity, overweight, hypertension, total cholesterol. Hypertension: additionally adjusted for obesity, overweight, A1c≥5.7% (≥39 mmol/mol), total cholesterol. Hyperlipidemia: additionally adjusted for obesity, overweight, A1c≥5.7% (≥39 mmol/mol), hypertension. Total cholesterol: additionally adjusted for obesity, overweight, A1c≥5.7% (≥39 mmol/mol), hypertension.
§Hyperlipidemia is defined as any elevated cholesterol marker (total, LDL, HDL or triglyceride); fasting sample.
CRP, C reactive protein; CVD, cardiovascular disease; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity CRP; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.